Proposal For Higher Education - 1162 Words

Current Research Current research over student debt and its burden has allowed an insight and analyzation over the government’s role in higher education at the federal, state, and local level. Through data of institution cost efficiency and inefficiency, tax exporting, and the backgrounds of student borrowers, policymakers and can create a visual representation of the importance of state allocations towards higher education. Government matters. A study done by Sav (2016), explores the decreases in state and federal Pell Grant funding for public colleges in the United States whose funding decreased from 32% to 23% from 2004-2013. Sav’s study concluded that state funding appropriations contributed significantly to the higher education†¦show more content†¦Second, it is crucial that the states, rather than the federal government solely, play a more concrete role in reducing the burden for millions of student borrowers. Third, policymakers should take into consideration the dynamics and backgrounds of the student body in higher education institutions when considering appropriations. Collective Themes Several themes and elements are recurrent in this research of college affordability. Federalism concerns add fuel to the debate of the role of government in higher education policymaking. Ethical, equity, economic, and political issues arise that divide citizens between considering higher education a public or a private good, whether it has economic benefits, and whether it is worth taxpayer dollars. The themes are consistent through the perspectives of the history, media, government enactments, public opinion, political parties, interest groups and research. Federalism The relationship between the national government and state governments has changed and expanded immensely (Kraft Furlong, 2015). How does the issue of rising tuition, high student loan interests, and student debt detail federalism? The authority of each level of government is questioned in education policy. How much power should the national government have over higher education? Constitutionally, the national government only has explicitly enumeratedShow MoreRelatedThe Old European Derived Model Of The American University1528 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the present role of higher education is hotly contested, its origins aren’t. Higher education in the US was created as a way to maintain class distinctions. The old European derived model of the American university was not the center of liberal intellectual curiosity it has evolved to today, but rather a religious haven for students of wealthy families who attended in order to become clergymen. Though the religious presence at these institutions has largely diminished, the overwhelming presenceRead MorePresident Obama s State Of The Union Address944 Words   |  4 Pagesdebated proposals from President Barack Obama’s State of the Union address is a new government program that would cover the cost of community college. The â€Å"American College Promise† would provide free tuition to s tudents who enroll in a community college for at least half-time, maintain a 2.5 Grade Point Average (GPA), make steady progress towards completing an associate’s degree and cannot have an adjusted gross income of above two hundred thousand dollars. Obama has stated that the new proposal willRead MoreWhat Should America Do For The Tax Proposals Offered By 2016 Presidential Candidates892 Words   |  4 PagesWhat should America do in reference to the tax proposals offered by our 2016 presidential candidates? The support groups of these proposals differ quite drastically. While some candidates offer a flat tax rate, or a tax rate that doesn’t offer much substantial impact, Senator Bernie Sanders offers America a complete tax reform. Sander s tax proposal declares that it is crucial for the economy of America to decrease the gap between the very rich, and the middle class, therefore, Sanders wants toRead MoreThe Cost Of Education : Tuition Cost Is On Every Student s Mind Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cost of Education Tuition cost is on every student s mind. The cost of college tuition is an unnecessary burden that causes students to do the following: work multiple jobs, worry about financial aid, and take time from studying and being better students. Every day I m reminded of the cost of tuition. It is on my mind when I am at the grocery store trying to decide between buying food or gas so I can go to work. Or, for example, when I have to make time to study in between my three jobs IRead MoreGrant Proposal785 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Grant proposal preparation and submission is a tedious and intimidating job. However as public funding continues to decrease many colleges and universities look for research grants to support their educational research mission (Education advisory Board, 2014). According to licklider (2012), external grants helps to support higher education’s missions of educational research, outreach and economic development. Which is one of the reasons why higher education push for their research facultyRead MoreThe Case Of Schuette V. Coalition1675 Words   |  7 Pagesapproved the Proposal 2, which modified the constitution of the state for making the affirmative action illegitimate in the public education, employment, and the contracting objectives, with the exception of the actions that are permitted and mandated by the Federal Law, and that are important for an organization in order to receive the federal funding. Moreover, about 58% of the voters in Michigan approved the Proposal 2, w hich is also known as Michigan Civil Rights Initiative (Mears). Proposal 2 put aRead MoreYoudecide Pa584 Essay639 Words   |  3 Pages 2. Do you think that the proposal of James Raika to just enter into an agreement between the departments falls under that provision? Do you think that his proposal is reasonable? What do you see as the major advantage of that proposal? In your view, what is a major problem with this limited approach? The proposal of James Raika to enter into an agreement between the departments doesn’t fall under the provision without the Consent of Congress. The University Education is entitle to its rights andRead MoreLearning from Past Mistakes: The Importance of Experience-Based Education800 Words   |  4 PagesExperience-Based Education The standard of education required for entry level practice into nursing has been a topic of debate for decades. There is no dispute among both the general public and those in the healthcare field that improving education could only lead to positive results. Controversy arises when dealing with varying ideas of implementation and standards. It is imperative to realize the importance of implementing experienced based education and not just academic education alone. In 1965Read MoreThe Benefits Of Reducing Crime Through A Targeted Literacy Program815 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity. While all three proposals gave strong arguments as to why their organization should receive our funds, programs similar to that stated in proposal two by Marcia Brady, John Walton, and Samantha Stephens have shown more success in the reduction of drug related crimes when compared to the ‘law and order’ techniques used by the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) which is described in proposal one and the presence of neighborhood patrols described in proposal three. The strongest argumentRead MoreReforming Higher Education Through Sustainable Contribution Funding1313 Words   |  6 Pages EDUCATION MINISTER, JOHN DAWKINS REFORMING HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH SUSTAINABLE CONTRIBUTION FUNDING PURPOSE 1. To recommend that you consider the Higher Education Contribution Scheme as a reform policy that allows more Australian’s to enter higher education, which will strengthen national competitiveness in the increasingly knowledge-based global economy. BACKGROUND: 2. Between 1975 and 1987, the total students enrolled had increased by almost 50 percent. Graduates from the sector’s 65

Military Rule Free Essays

Many third world countries have been under military rule from time to time, for many years. The reasons behind this are many, and are complicated and interconnected. A military dictatorship gets established when political power rests with the military. We will write a custom essay sample on Military Rule or any similar topic only for you Order Now Developing countries are so called because they are still in the process of development. These areas of development include economy, financial planning and budgeting, setting up of a working administrative machinery, a working constitution, a functional system of government, a system of institutions of education, a system of health, so on and so forth. Altogether, developing countries lack a lot of basic tools needed for proper functioning of a country. Civilians in general are disillusioned with life. There is widespread poverty and illiteracy. Flaws in the working of the system ultimately result in major problems for the common man. Neither is the health system strong, nor the education. The government usually does not provide for even the basic needs. People generally have large families, with no regular source of income. Since literacy is low, most people have confounded and obscure views, and do not understand the working of the system. People get frustrated, and blame the government for not providing for them. As public support begins to crumble, the administration gets weakened. In developing countries, politics is frequently a monopoly, handled by the rich few. Laws and rules can be bended and twisted as desired. And so this ‘feudal’ system of government results in economic and social collapse. Crime rates go on increasing, along with a host of other illegal activities. In the absence proper jobs, ordinary people turn to illicit ways of obtaining money. These are just some of the main problems. In case of a threat from another country, or a natural disaster, or food shortage, matters get worse. Often governments succumb to ill advised measures. And so goes on the cycle. Military rule comes in the absence of a strong government. There are many inter-related factors behind the prevalence of military rule, especially in third world countries. A weak civilian government can be disbanded easily, without much force. Historic examples of military rule include the Greek ‘Sparta [7]’ The ideology behind military rule is one based on discipline – the one thing a developing country lacks. Militarism is generally the belief of the far-right [7]. Under military rule, everything is under strict control of the army, and civilians are subservient to it, whether they like it or not. Civilian rule on the contrary advocates complete freedom, along with organized plans for social and economic development and establishment of diplomatic relations with other countries [7]. Militarism can also mean Martial Law [7]. When a normal judicial system is replaced by military rule, it is called martial law [7]. It is used mostly by authoritarian governments [7]. Earlier, it was imposed in times of war, or territorial occupation, to deal with trials of prisoners and soldiers [7]. It was also used by those countries with expansionist and imperialist policies [7]. Today, in developing countries, it is the easiest tool to bring a distraught and a disorganized society under control. Martial law trials are short, and usually severe when compared to normal court trials [7]. Many counties have now shifted to another system, in which a country is said to be in a ‘state of emergency,’ in place of martial law [7]. Martial law also gives the government the liberty of detaining anyone it thinks is a threat to national interest or security, even without adequate proof.   Media and press freedom is also under strict control. The few leading the hegemony can make decisions without hindrance, keeping the public and its opinions at bay. Under military rule, a country’s population has no say in any matter whatsoever. Without a parliament, all decisions are directly made by the autocrat and his collaborators, without the approval or disapproval of ministers. Think a little deeper, and it seems as if a country comes to an economic and social standstill if under military rule. This is exactly what most developing countries go through. One coup after another and the country lags behind even in the basic amenities of life. Egypt, for example, has been under martial law on and off from 1952 [7]. Gamal Abdel Nasser was the president of Egypt from 1956 until his death, in 1970 [7]. Algeria spent three decades under military rule (1965-1994) [7]. Mohammad Al-Gaddafi has been the de facto head of Libya since 1969. Nigeria has also been caught up in a tangle of coups. Adebowale, in his work criticizes the way military coups took to power, squandering money on lavish cars and houses, and turning into multi-billionaires overnight [10]. He also goes on to say that â€Å"Nigerians are mute because they are terror-stricken and know no other state [10].† He also states that â€Å"Several human rights activists continue to be unjustly detained [10].† Countries like Somalia, Sudan, Liberia, Philippines, Thailand, Ghana, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Gambia have also been under military control often. Maureen Aung-Thwin criticized the undemocratic manner in which politics was run in Burma [9]. Uganda spent a decade under the rule of one man – Idi Amin [1]. As opposed to this, almost no first world country has been under military rule since almost 20 years. Military governments also justify themselves by claiming that it is important for political stability [7]. Military regimes tend to portray themselves as neutral and unbiased [7]. Though not always, military rule tends to have little respect for human rights, and often use force to silence their political opponents [7]. Another key factor is the convenience of having a military leadership, as opposed to the effort required for an elected one. Public choice can be conveniently ignored and new laws can be easily imposed. The general public is weak, with little or no voice of its own. With widespread illiteracy, public opinion can be suppressed, bribed, or even forced. The general public in developed countries, on the contrary is much stronger and aware of their due rights. Hunger for power and money make the entire system corrupt and fraudulent, with innumerable loopholes. With an influential background, anyone can come to power. High posts like those of governors and chief ministers are based on favoritism rather than open merit. Countries currently under military rule include Thailand, Myanmar, Egypt, Libya, Pakistan and Fiji [7]. If loosely stated, the three key factors behind prevalence of military rule in developing countries are the hunger for power and money, a large but weak civilian population, and convenience for the army. With just one man to make decisions, it gets very convenient for military personnel to run the country. In the end, it is the normal civilian population which suffers. In hopes of better prospects, people look forward to young and dynamic leaders, but in reality, the nation continues to live under a rigid and a totalitarian leadership. It is a widely believed notion that civilian rule is always better, long lasting, and makes a country prosperous. With free and fair democratic elections, the people themselves choose their leader, and so, everything falls in place, and the country can look forward to a brighter future.    Works Cited: Prince Adebowale, Samuel Abiodun, Nigeria: The Nation under Siege by Power Drunk and Ruthless Military Dictatorship,   1997 Aung-Thwin, Maureen, Burma: Political Economy Under Military Rule, (edited by Robert H. Taylor), 2001, New York: Palgrave (Global Publishing at St. Martin’s Press), ISBN 0-312-23568-2. Birkhimer, William E, Military Government and Martial Law (third edition, revised), 1914, Kansas City: Missouri, Franklin Hudson Publishing Co. Chris, Alli M. The Federal Republic of Nigerian Army: The Siege of a Nation, 2002, Nigeria Malthouse, 9780231277 Fidel, Kenneth, 1975, Militarism in developing countries, Transaction Publishers ISBN 0878555854 Fink, Christina, Living Silence: Burma under military rule (politics in contemporary Asia), 2001, Zed Books Ltd. â€Å"Libya – History,† (2006, July 14), US Department of State’s Background Notes, (Nov. 2005). Militarism, wikipedia, retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarism Olukotun, Ayo, Repressive State and Resurgent Media under Nigeria’s Military Dictatorship, 1988-98, Nordic Africa Institute, (2004)       How to cite Military Rule, Essay examples

Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Process †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Process. Answer: Introduction: Total knee replacement or total knee arthroplasty is a surgical process which mainly concerns around the replacement of the knee joints with artificial parts called the prostheses. In normal cases, a knee usually functions as a hinge joint between the upper leg bone which is called the femur and the lower leg bone called the tibia and fibula (Moulton, Evans, Starks Smith, 2017). In course of time, the surface where the two bones meet may get worn out over time. This may be due to arthritis as well as other conditions which result in excessive swelling. It also causes tremendous pain. The main reason for which patients usually opt for knee replacements are to relive from pain and to restore the function performed by a proper knee (White, Joshi, Murray-Weir, Alexiades Ranawat, 2017). Another reason behind the surgery is that when other treatments like weight loss, exercise or physical education, injections and medication therapy fail to provide the patients with relief from the arthr itis associated pain. Recently, researchers are of the opinion that health education to such patients before surgery helps to reduce many complications (Caplan Kader, 2014). The assignment will mainly focus on the discussion of the benefits of the education and how the patients of the case study may be benefitted from such education. Literature articles have defined preoperative education as a process of educational intervention which is provided to the patient before surgery. The main motive of this form of education is the improvement of the peoples knowledge as well as health behaviors and different health outcomes(Ibrahim, Khan, Nizam, 2013). Many researchers over the years have found great benefits with the help of the different resources used in the preoperative studies for these patients. These include written brochures, audiovisual interactions as well as combination of these methods to educate the patients about the procedure. It has been found that educators found this method a very vital one. This is because it helps the patients to learn about the procedure and also help them to clarify if they have any sort of questions. Often researchers have seen that a patients willingness to proceed with the surgery is usually influenced by the consideration about how completely the patients questions have been answered. Most of the randomized trials conducted by researchers have provided results which have shown that the education contributes to observed improvement and outcomes. Often through the different articles, it has been seen that the content of the preoperative education often varies from patients to patients as well as from medical professionals to others. However a typical form of education mainly contains information which remains related to that of the different pre-surgical procedures (Jones, 2017). They also contain information about the actual steps in surgical procedures and also about different discharge disposition. Most essential part which also remains included in the education procedure is the proper post-operative care. All these also give knowledge to the patient about potential complications that may arise from surgical as well as non surgical processes. They also have information that provide relevant answers to the different frequently asked questions of the pa tients as well as the post operative pain management details. It also important contact numbers and emails that the patients can find of help if he or she is in emergency (Biau, Porcher, Babinet, Rosencher, Chevret, 2015). There has been debate between researchers about the affectivity of the intervention of postoperative education. Although many do not align with the concept, however a larger number of researchers are positive about this interventions affectivity. The trials have shown positive results in the patients health outcomes where the intervention had shown to decrease pre as well as post operative anxiety. It also helped in reduction of the decreased post operative pain. The patients were found to be able to cope with the situation in a much better way and also helped in the improvement of the length of stay in the hospitals. It also reduced the frequencies of decrease in the number of readmissions and also helped in improvement of home damage A very interesting finding has been observed from the work of many researchers. They have stated that patients who undergo joint surgery often have high expectations from the surgery (Alattas et al., 2016). In many cases, these expectations are even found to be much higher than the expectation of the surgeons and the doctors. A very strong correlation has been noted by many researchers between the patient satisfaction and the fulfillment of their expectation in pain relief as well as in functional outcome. It has been shown by researchers that there is evidence which shows 20% of all the total knee arthroplasty patients are not at all satisfied with the outcome and this predictor was not at all meeting g the expectations (Livbjerg, Froekjaer, Simonsen, 2013). It is found after trials that preoperative education help in improving the patients expectation and help them to understand how such pain relief they can expect after the surgery. These help to overcome many issues that arise f rom patients higher expectations. This also help the patients to understand what they can expect from the surgery as the nurse gives a proper review about her after effects. With this intervention, nurses can prepare the patient psychologically for the aims of rehabilitation by providing them with clear explanations and expectations of the recovery procedures (Conditt, Gustke, Coon, Kreuzer, Branch, 2016). This providing information to the patients also helps the nurse to increase their sense of successful surgery and also help them to develop the believed that they will be able to successfully cope with the surgeries. After the topic of expectations of patients, the next topic that is important to discuss is the anxiety of the patients who go for his kind of surgery. A positive correlation has been found between the increase of preoperative anxiety levels as well as pain after total knee replacements. This intervention has been found to be successful in decreasing the preoperative anxiety of patients which in turn helps in the improvement of the post operative recovery. Therefore, this leads to higher levels of satisfaction of patients after surgical procedure is over and they also report less self reported pain. A particular study has shown that patients who are of different racial, ethnic and gender have different levels of anxiety development before surgery (Cooke, Walker, Aitken, Freeman, Pavey, 2016). African Americans are seen to have greater fear before and also after joint replacement than the whites because they are found to have less knowledge about the surgical procedures. Women are mo re anxious than man counterparts. Therefore preoperative education classes help in providing more opportunities in distributing the additional educational information which help in reducing fear and anxiety among patients. The association of the preoperative symptoms with that of the length of stay was also found. The previous two mentioned factors like expectations and anxiety are also associated with length of stay at the hospitals. The preoperative education programs help the nurse to give patients advanced notification of different topics mobilization within the 24 hour of surgery or finalization of the discharge day like the release after the fourth day following surgery and so (McDonald, Page, Beringer, Wasiak, Sprowson, 2014). This kind of confirmation within the education programs help patients to prepare themselves for the rehabilitation aims and provides them with clear knowledge about recovery procedures. Moreover a nurse who conducts the process successfully can influence early recovery period. This is because their actions could influence the early recovery period and also at the same time increase the patients motivation to adhere to the preoperative advices (Khan, Carluke, Partington, Emmerson, 2014). This increases their sense of responsibility for the success of the surgical procedures and also helps in strengthening the belief that they will successfully cope with the operation. All these contribute to reduce LOS in hospitals. Another important aspect that also tends to develop a positive outcome for the patients is the participations of the patients social circle in the education program organized by the healthcare in the preoperative phase of the surgery. Researchers have already stated in many papers that a patient who remains socially connected and experiences positive incidences within the society (van der Sluis, Akkermans, Bimmel, 2017). The patients social support remains associated with mortality, stress, mental health and also depression. The hospital nurses can easily develop an understanding of the levels of patients social support by keeping an eye on the visitors to his ward. Involvement of the family members and friends in the education before the surgery, and also after the surgery helps the members as well as the patients to feel social connectedness. It also helps to foster participants independence. Many researchers are of the opinion that a family member or a friend should attend the pr eoperative classes of the patients so that not only the patient but also the social circle can provide support and confidence to the patient and makes the patient feel relieved to be among close family members (Jordan, Smith, Chahal, Casson, Reed, 2014). Patients who have strong social support have shorter hospital stays and also are discharged to home early and are more likely to meet ambulation as well as transfer out of bed targets. They have also higher hospital quality of care and are more confident and ready to leave for home. In this way, education classes that are held preoperatively allow healthcare professionals for identification and instilling education in the crucial members of the patients social circles who will help to empower the patient and his family members as well. And therefore they would help each other to be each others support during adverse times. Health literacy is one of the most important indicator for the patients health as this helps the patients to develop an understanding of the upcoming surgery. It is considered to be the most important predictor of individuals health status. It is found that only a few portions of patients who get admitted for knee arthroplasty have knowledge or understanding about what is going to happen with them and the main rationale of the surgery. Patients who do not have proper health literacy are often found to have decreased medical knowledge and poor health related outcomes. Low health literacy also results in lower treatment satisfaction and also increased hospitalizations as well as worse communication with the healthcare providers (Goh Chua, 2015). Therefore, health literacy is very important for the patient to be able to understand what is happening with him and the reason behind the main objective. A good procedure to develop optimal comprehension and compliance of the patient with the entire procedure of the hip arthoplasty surgery is to develop patient education materials which would be written in the levels of the sixth grade or lower reading level which would also include pictures and also illustrations. It is seen mainly that the brochures and the reading materials which are provided to students are above the readability level of class eight in most cases and often have the excessive use of jargons and medical terms with a language which is not easily understandable by the patients. Therefore, it is often stated that providing of education materials which are at the literacy levels of the patients help to improve the understanding of the surgery, minimize anxiety and also help to improve outcomes that are clinically significant (Dave, Selzer, Losina, Usiskin, Collins, Lee, 2017). It is very important to provide the education in plain language which will help to improve the health literacy of the patients. The nurses, in order to provide a better understandi ng to the patients must make sure that the organizing of the information should be done in the form of the order of importance along with the use of the active voice, shortening of the sentences, using of the simpler terms, avoiding medical jargons and also adding descriptive pictures. Moreover the nurses can also use Youtube videos tailored to class 6 grade level which will in turn improve communication an also reduce pre-operative anxiety. Thereby focusing on the readability improvement of the preoperative education print material will help in the ultimate improvement of the health literacy of the patients who are undergoing the surgery and will help to understand the different procedures though which they will be going through the surgery. This reduces shock and anxiety of the patients. The standard principles of fluid balance in the post operative patients are the correction of the pre existing deficits of replacement of unusual losses from surgical drains as well as pyrexia and also to use oral route wherever possible. Patients who are usually of higher age cohort are susceptible for disturbances in their fluid or electrolyte balance and therefore they are more prone to hypovolemic shock (Neely, Berta, Ralley, Lanting, Vasarhelyi, McAuley, 2016). Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnoea, oliguria, confusion and many other symptoms may be visible and in such cases hemorrhage should be considered. Therefore, it is quite a risky situation. The nurses who would be taking education classes should make the patient aware of the causes of the shock and also provide her with the cues that will help the patient to identify the cues and accordingly inform nurses so that they can take quick actions (Riemer, MacIntyre, Nortje, Dower, Grobler, 2017). This would prevent the patien t form long hospital stays and also form harmful adverse events. It also helps the patient to know how to care for the sites in home so that they can do proper dressing without the chances of infection. The patient of the case study should also undertake preoperative education from the healthcare centers so that she can develop knowledge about the entire procedure. This knowledge would help her to reduce her anxiety level and also would help her to cope with the situation. She would have the right expectation form the surgery and therefore post-operation dissatisfaction chances would be less (Alattas, Smith, Bhatti, Wilson-Nunn, 2016). Moreover, she would know how to tackle her surgical site and therefore she would have fewer chances for hospital readmissions. She would also have no longer stays at hospitals which will also prevent her from developing excess stress. The patients would also be free from any sort of free and anxiety before the surgery because she would have the right amount of knowledge about what is to be done and the entire procedure for it as well (Cox, Cormack, Prendergast, Celestino, Willis, 2016). Therefore a proper preoperative education would help the patien t from overcoming many adverse events which might have taken place if education was not provided to Evelyn beforehand. From the entire discussion, it is seen that patients who undergo pre-operative education before knee arthroplasty often have more benefits than those who are not provided with education. The first benefit is the reduction of anxiety and fear that remain associated with the name of surgery to nay individuals. The patients remain well aware about what is going to happen with them and therefore they become physiologically ready to take on the operation. Moreover, it also helps the patients to develop the right kind of expression of the reduction of pain after surgery and therefore fewer complaints take place in the organizational center about patient dissatisfaction. Moreover, the education will provide the patient with knowledge which will automatically result in lesser stays at hospitals. Education provide to the social circle around him also help them in proper engagement of all stakeholders which have a high benefit of the patients health. It will also help to reduce the chances of hypovolemic shock and even if it appears, the patients will be rightly knowledgeable to inform it to healthcare professionals. They will also be able to handle the surgical site with right kind of expertise and hence chances of infection will also lessen. Therefore, healthcare organizations should introduce preoperative education for patients to cope with the preoperative and postoperative situations effectively and hence lead a better quality life. References: Alattas, S. A., Smith, T., Bhatti, M., Wilson-Nunn, D. . (2016). Greater pre-operative anxiety, pain and poorer function predict a worse outcome of a total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy , 1-8. Biau, D. J., Porcher, R. R., Babinet, A., Rosencher, N., Chevret, S. . (2015). Neither pre-operative education or a minimally invasive procedure have any influence on the recovery time after total hip replacement. International orthopaedics , 1475-1481. Caplan, N., Kader, D. F. (2014). A comparison of four models of total knee-replacement prostheses. InClassic Papers in Orthopaedics , 169-171. Conditt, M., Gustke, K., Coon, T., Kreuzer, S., Branch, S. .-S. (2016). Intra-operative safety and early patient recovery in robotic arm assisted total knee arthroplasty. Intra-operative safety and early patient recovery in robotic arm assisted total knee arthroplasty , 49. Cooke, M., Walker, R., Aitken, L. M., Freeman, A., Pavey, S. . (2016). Pre?operative self?efficacy education vs. usual care for patients undergoing joint replacement surgery: a pilot randomised controlled trial.. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences , 74-82. Cox, J., Cormack, C., Prendergast, M., Celestino, H., Willis, S. . (2016). Patient and provider experience with a new model of care for primary hip and knee arthroplasties. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing, , 13-17. Dave, A. J., Selzer, F., Losina, E., Usiskin, I., Collins, J. E., Lee, Y. C. (2017). The association of pre-operative body pain diagram scores with pain outcomes following total knee arthroplasty. Osteoarthritis and cartilage , 667-675. Goh, M. L., Chua, J. Y. (2015). otal knee replacement pre-operative education in a Singapore tertiary hospital: A best practice implementation project.. International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursing , 3-14. Ibrahim, M. S., Khan, M. A., Nizam, I. . (2013). Peri-operative interventions producing better functional outcomes and enhanced recovery following total hip and knee arthroplasty: an evidence-based review. BMC medicine , 37. Jones, C. A.-A. (2017). Patient Expectations and Total Knee ArthroplastyPatient Expectations and Total Knee Arthroplasty.. JCOM,, , 8. Jordan, R. W., Smith, N. A., Chahal, G. S., Casson, C., Reed, M. R. (2014). Enhanced education and physiotherapy before knee replacement; is it worth it? A systematic review.. Physiotherapy , 305-312. Khan, S. K., Carluke, I., Partington, P. F., Emmerson, K. P. (2014). Reduced short-term complications and mortality following Enhanced Recovery primary hip and knee arthroplasty: results from 6,000 consecutive procedures. Acta orthopaedica , 26-31. Livbjerg, A. E., Froekjaer, S., Simonsen, O. . (2013). Pre-operative patient education is associated with decreased risk of arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty: a case control study. The Journal of arthroplasty , 1282-1285. McDonald, S., Page, M. J., Beringer, K., Wasiak, J., Sprowson, A. (2014). Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement. The Cochrane Library. , 52. Moulton, L. S., Evans, P. A., Starks, I., Smith, T. (n.d.). Pre-operative education prior to elective hip arthroplasty surgery improves postoperative outcome. International orthopaedics , 1483-1486. Neely, S., Berta, D., Ralley, F., Lanting, B., Vasarhelyi, E., McAuley, J. .. (2016). Is There A Role For Pre-Operative Iron Supplementation In Patients Preparing For A Total Knee Or Total Hip Arthroplasty? Bone Joint J, , 58. Riemer, B., MacIntyre, K., Nortje, M., Dower, B., Grobler, G. . (2017). Rapid mobilisation following total hip and knee arthroplasty. SA Orthopaedic Journal , 58-61. van der Sluis, G. G.-v., Akkermans, R. P., Bimmel, R. . (2017). Pre-operative functional mobility as an independent determinant of inpatient functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty during three periods that coincided with changes in clinical pathways. Bone Joint J, , 211-217. White, P., Joshi, R., Murray-Weir, M., Alexiades, M., Ranawat, A. S. (2017). Efficacy of physical therapy pre-operative education with supplemental web-based application on patient satisfaction and functional outcomes post total joint replacement: a randomised controlled trial. Bone Joint , 96.

The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare Essay Example

The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare Paper Shakespeare reveals prejudice of a character with dark complexion with the very first line when the Prince of Morocco entered, Mislike me not for my complexion. We find a contrast amongst the two suitors with the colour of their skin. The Prince of Morocco was dark and the Prince of Arragon was fair. Morocco is both more elaborate and direct than Prince of Arragon and this is shown in the line How shall I know if I choose the right casket. This line shows us that Morocco was well concerned, interested and very curious to win Portia and for this he even asked several questions in order to clear his doubts before choosing the casket. We also see that Morocco prays to god in times of emergency (as he took an oath never to get married again) Some God direct my judgement. Shakespeare reveals the character of Morocco as a confident, self conscious and strong person who is very proud of his colour. The Prince of Morocco meets Portia and tells her that he is often considered very handsome on account of his black skin. He didnt want to be judged by his complexion because he was dark and explains that all the people from Morocco were like that. In those times however a dark person was considered to be the devils accomplice and he didnt want to be misjudged. The Prince of Arragon didnt defend himself in any way even though he was Spanish, as at that time England and Spain were constant enemies and even being an adversary he didnt mention anything. Prince of Moroccos boastful and flattery nature is seen in the lines, I would not change this hue except to steal your thoughts my gentle queen and the best regarded virgins of our clime have lovd it too. We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This clearly tells us that he is a very haughty and egotistic person. His achievements have been described through his boastfulness especially seen in the lines To try my fortune. By this scimitar that slew the Sophy and a Persian prince. He portrays to be a figure of great dignity, brave and noble even though he may be regarded as rather arrogant to when he uses the occasion in order to declaim his achievements at Portia. He thinks he is very intellectual and has very heroic qualities, which are flawless to marry Portia. He is also very vainglorious and proud and always trying to impress Portia by honorable and devoted marks like, Yea, mock the lion when he roars for prey To win thee, lady. The prince tries to act courageous and tries to influence Portia by his intentions. The Prince of Arragon didnt try to boast about himself but agreed to try his luck at the caskets without further ado. The Prince of Arragon, as his name suggests, is arrogant and proud like the Prince of Morocco. He considered himself to be superior to others as he said, How much low peasantry would then be gleand from the true seed of honour! He is revealed to be egocentric and narcissistic as he rejects the lead casket immediately saying, You shall look fairer, ere. I give or hazard. He felt that lead should look more attractive if anyone must take a risk for it. Both the Princes judged through outward appearances as Arragon said base lead and Morocco said dull lead Both of them made quick rejecting decision for lead. For Morocco lead was threatening and not worth risking anything for. He is attracted by appearances and was adamant not to choose the lead casket as he said, Must give! For what? For lead? Hazard for lead? A golden mind stoops not to shows of dross. This line tells us that he doesnt choose the lead casket and dismisses this subject quickly as he thinks lead has no value, it is a wastage of time and earning jeopardy if thinking or choosing for lead. By this phrase we also come to know that the prince can be imperious and patronizing when the lead topic is discussed. The Prince of Arragon rejects lead because of the ominous warning, who chooseth me shall must give and hazard all he hath. The Prince of Morocco took his time to choose the right casket so as to not making rash decisions as he said, I will survey th inscriptions back again. He also scrutinizes the inscriptions again and again. But when he came to woo her, he wanted to go to the caskets immediately as he was desperately waiting to win Portias hand. But unlike Morocco, Arragon was quick in making judgements. He went astray from the right path as from knowing that appearances are often deceptive he chose with a fond eye. Morocco did not approve of the word deserve in the inscription of the silver casket who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves. He said that he knew that he deserved Portia as he said, I do in birth deserve her, and in fortunes, in graces, and in qualities of breeding; but more than these, in love I do deserve. He didnt want himself to be strayd no further by the inscription of the silver casket as he didnt want to lose Portia. He therefore, spurns the silver, which he feels is too base a metal to hold such a beautiful woman as Portia. He thinks there is a very likely possibility in losing his lady if he chooses the silver casket. He considers himself to be a suitable match for Portia because he is wealthy, he has fine quality, he belongs to a noble family and he has a high position in society. He also tries to boast about his courage in the line to prove whose blood is redder, his or mine . Even after all this effort to win Portias admiration he is deceived by appearances when it comes to choosing the caskets. His choice shows that how he judges by outward appearance, not considering how the contents of the gold casket might not be indicative of its appearance. There is dramatic irony when he says, graved in gold because in the light of the consequences of Moroccos eventual wrong choice he finds that the casket is a grave for it contains a skull. Likely, the Prince of Arragon didnt approve of the word many in the golden casket. He felt the word many would mean the stupid majority of ordinary people who judge simply by appearances, accepting what their foolish eyes tell them instead of trying to see and understand what lies beneath and thinks that gold refers to the foolish populace. He continued saying that people base their judgement and consequent actions on mere surface impressions. The Prince of Arragon uses a very suitable simile to prove his point when he compares them to the martlet (swift) that builds its nest on the outward wall of the building where it may get damaged or destroyed instead of choosing a more sheltered place. Later we realise that this speech is an example of dramatic irony because he too will choose with a fond eye. The Prince of Arragon is a snob smugly self-satisfied in his dismissal of the barbarous multitudes. Both of the suitors were over-confident. According to the Prince of Arragon, there are many suitors who consider themselves honourable and deserving but they do not really deserve the stamp of merit. Arragon clearly believes and said that he was born with the necessary merit to win Portia, and in his view merit and honour only belong to a highly selected few people such as himself. Since he considered himself to be worthy of Portia, he chooses the silver casket and that too an order to a servant to perform the task of actually unlocking the casket, to humble a thing for Arragon to do himself. He was shown to be confident when he said, Bring me the fairest creature northward born. All that he boasted was to show that he is quite capable of achieving anything he desires. His over-confidence is apparent when he says, deliver me the key and chooses the silver casket very sure that Portias portrait was within. He thinks that he is more than worthy enough for Portia and this attitude of his, troops his downfall for it is not the silver casket that holds Portias picture. Shakespeare has given a lengthy speech on each suitor on the casket they were going to choose. The Princes speak in blank verse through their presence, which only changes after both of them reading their scroll. Their reaction after opening the casket is similar as the gold casket contains a carrion Death, within whose empty eye there is a written scroll and the silver casket contains the portrait of a blinking idiot, presenting him a schedule. After the suitor reads the scroll or the schedule, his language starts to be similar with the contents read on as it becomes into a poetic form. Arragon is uncharacteristically struck-dumb by what he finds, a blinking idiot. To late he realises that he really doesnt deserve anything better than a fools head. This is symbolic, for he is an old man and hence is an idiot for thinking himself deserving of a young woman. Whereas Moroccos shocking expression, Oh! Hell! is not a mere expression of extreme annoyance but Morocco knew that if he had to keep the oath, he had to remain unmarried for the rest of his whole life, he faces a kind of living hell, deprived of the woman of his choice and also because he is a man not use to failing. Both of the princes were courteous, affable gentlemen who respected Portia. The Prince of Morocco is brought out to be a sole loser, as his pride disappears when he leaves saying, I have too grievd a heart to take a tedious leave, thus losers part. When he finds his hopes are dead, he welcomes frost and tries to keep up a brave and dignified appearance and we can see a contrast in the manner of his departure to the fanfare of his arrival. The departure of Arragon is similar as he said, Still more fool I appear by the time I linger here. He had come to woo with one fools head but had to go away with two. After reading, I felt sympathy for both the suitors who had come to try their fortune and unfortunately lost. Amongst both the characters, I liked Morocco more because in the way of departure it felt to me that he had come with a true heart for Portias love. I have more sympathy with him as he cannot marry any other woman and will have a life of a living hell as in later life he cannot share his happiness and sorrows with anyone. All the hopes he had come with were destroyed as everyone in his homeland was desperately waiting for their queen as Portia.

Free Essays on Aftermath

The Aftermath The Warren Court wasn’t the only court that made some important decisions to help shape our essential rights as Americans. The Burger and Rehnquist Courts that followed the Warren Courts had a few landmark cases of their own to assist in forming the democracy of our constitutional rights. From the due process revolution the Warren Court left us all the way to the left of the continuum in a liberal state, focused primarily on individual rights and justice with order. As the Burger and Rehnquist Courts starts to come into the picture there is a gradual shift to a more conservative approach. The Burger court falls right in the center of the continuum with a Moderate position. The Rehnquist Court establishes more conservative methods, focusing on such ideas as criminal justice as a system and more crime control. With the establishment of the Burger Court in 1965 change was imminent. It had a landmark case in 1984 with U.S. v. Leon which dealt with the 4th Amendment, right to privacy. In this case police officers used information that was old and unreliable in order to get a search warrant to look for drugs. With this tainted warrant, police found illegal drugs. Under the ruling of Mapp v. Ohio and the exclusionary rule, the evidence should have been considered non admissible due to the fact that it was not a ‘legal’ warrant. However, because the police officer was â€Å"acting in good faith† and it was really the fault of the judge who issued the warrant, the evidence could therefore be used against the defendant. This ruling was the start of giving police a more flexible approach at solving crimes. The Rehnquist Court came into existence in 1986 and still lasts to this very day. This court dealt with the 5th and 6th amendments, which are self incrimination and right to council. Under the Rehnquist Court, the concept the fifth and sixth amendments were stretched, relying less on the exclusionary rule. T... Free Essays on Aftermath Free Essays on Aftermath The Aftermath The Warren Court wasn’t the only court that made some important decisions to help shape our essential rights as Americans. The Burger and Rehnquist Courts that followed the Warren Courts had a few landmark cases of their own to assist in forming the democracy of our constitutional rights. From the due process revolution the Warren Court left us all the way to the left of the continuum in a liberal state, focused primarily on individual rights and justice with order. As the Burger and Rehnquist Courts starts to come into the picture there is a gradual shift to a more conservative approach. The Burger court falls right in the center of the continuum with a Moderate position. The Rehnquist Court establishes more conservative methods, focusing on such ideas as criminal justice as a system and more crime control. With the establishment of the Burger Court in 1965 change was imminent. It had a landmark case in 1984 with U.S. v. Leon which dealt with the 4th Amendment, right to privacy. In this case police officers used information that was old and unreliable in order to get a search warrant to look for drugs. With this tainted warrant, police found illegal drugs. Under the ruling of Mapp v. Ohio and the exclusionary rule, the evidence should have been considered non admissible due to the fact that it was not a ‘legal’ warrant. However, because the police officer was â€Å"acting in good faith† and it was really the fault of the judge who issued the warrant, the evidence could therefore be used against the defendant. This ruling was the start of giving police a more flexible approach at solving crimes. The Rehnquist Court came into existence in 1986 and still lasts to this very day. This court dealt with the 5th and 6th amendments, which are self incrimination and right to council. Under the Rehnquist Court, the concept the fifth and sixth amendments were stretched, relying less on the exclusionary rule. T...

Learning to Fly How to Become a Flight Attendant

Learning to Fly How to Become a Flight Attendant ever since commercial flying became a travel option for the masses, the role of flight attendant has been one full of appeal and mystique. travel the world! smile brightly as you usher people through the aggravations and indignities of modern travel! it sounds great, right? even as air travel has become both more common and more complicated, the flight attendants still have an air of glamour about them. their job is to make sure we’re safe and happy as we sit in a steel sky bus for hours at a time, and they do it well. idealized dreams of travel and adventure are one thing, and a solid career path is another. if you’re not prone to airsickness, and don’t mind the idea of traveling almost constantly, this really can be a great line of work for you. now that we’ve thankfully moved beyond the days of barbie-esque flight attendants with short skirts and even shorter career spans due to â€Å"aging out,† the flight attendant world is bigger and more dive rse than ever before. let’s take a look at what it takes to become a flight attendant.the benefitsagain, the passport stamps are nice, but being a flight attendant comes with a pretty appealing set of pluses. according to the flight academy, most airlines offer their flight attendants:paid, on-the-job trainingmedical, dental, and life insurancea 401(k) retirement planlong-term disability coverageperformance-based bonusespaid vacation and holidaysdiscounts on other travel and hospitality servicesthe qualificationsalthough restrictions on age and weight have loosened over the years, there may be some limited physical requirements, born out of working in a small space and needing to be mobile for hours at a time on a moving aircraft. typically, flight attendants are physically:4’11†³- 6’4† tall (requirements vary according to airline requirements), with weight proportional.19 to 60  years old.without tattoos, facial piercings, or other obvious body mod ifications.able to wear contacts if they have vision issues.neat in appearance and well-groomed.able to stay on their feet for long periods of time.there are also usually minimum educational, experience, and language requirements. depending on a particular airline’s policies, flight attendants will likely need to be:a u.s. citizen or able to work legally in the u.s., if applying for a u.s.-based airline.free of a criminal background, particularly felonies.fluent in english.a high school graduate, ged recipient, or higher.well-versed in customer service.adept at problem solving on the fly (pun intended).although the image of a cookie cutter flight attendants are more a relic of the mad men era, each airline may have additional appearance standards for their customer-facing flight attendants.the decisionif you meet these initial criteria, your next step is to decide whether you want to move forward with becoming a flight attendant. questions you should consider:can you pass a c riminal background check and a drug test?can you work in tight spaces and stay mobile for extended periods of time?can you sell in-flight services and products on behalf of your airline?do you possess strong customer service skills? (meaning, are you likely to keep your cool when people are less-than civil in a contained space?)are you willing to learn and perform basic emergency medical and lifesaving skills as necessary (anti-choking maneuvers, cpr, etc.)?are you willing to relocate as necessary, travel frequently, and be away from home?are you willing to work unpredictable shifts, including nights, weekends, and holidays?can you commit to a rigorous training program?if the answer to any of those questions is â€Å"no,† then perhaps it’s time to look at a different career path. but if you’re full of â€Å"yes†es all the way down the list, then the next step is looking at what it takes to become a flight attendant.the trainingairlines typically have in-h ouse training programs, but there are also independent educational programs (like this one) that coach you on the daily tasks and responsibilities of the job, as well as teaching necessary skills like cpr/first aid, crisis management, customer service, and more.all flight attendants need to be certified by the federal aviation administration (faa). this certification typically follows the intensive 3 – 6 week training course offered by the hiring airline. as they get closer to completing their training, flight attendants go on test flights before they can receive their faa certificate of demonstrated proficiency.the outlookaccording to the u.s. bureau of labor statistics, the median salary for flight attendants is $44,860 per year, with about average growth over the next ten years.if you have people skills and a roaming spirit, becoming a flight attendant could be a fantastic career option for you. what do you think- are you ready to take to the skies for your next big career opportunity?looking to start a career as a flight attendant, or find a new job in the field? search for flight attendant jobs in your area of the country. happy flying!

Flawed identifications are responsible for many wrongful convictions Essay

Flawed identifications are responsible for many wrongful convictions. Why What should be done - Essay Example acknowledging the efforts exerted by organizations like the Innocence Project and the Innocence Commission of Florida that review convictions to ensure rightful castigation of the real suspects while freeing the innocent groups. Innocence Project and Innocence Commission of Florida also advocate for payment and compensation of the wrong convicts among realization of the mistakes. The value of such like compensations depends on the damage caused to the innocent convict and the length of time spent in prison. There are many reasons that explains flawed identification that eventually lead to false testimony against a suspect. The first reasons rely on the short memory of human beings and poor attention abated to transpiring criminal activities. This kind of confusion is prevalent when a witness is presented with two suspects; with one white and the other black. In most cases, individual witness will not be able to differentiate whether the main criminal was black or white in color perhaps due to poor attention and concentration as at the time of the crime. In some cases police officers patrol and make arrests after criminal offences and perhaps take photos of the suspects, release the individual suspects and presents witnesses with various photos to identify the actual perpetrators. Due to the length of time lapse after the crime, witnesses’ memory may have faded away and may not make true identification of the suspect but may only desperately point at the suspect with suspicious f ace. The above descriptions narrow down to the theory of own-race bias effect. According to the theory, human beings encounter difficulty in identifying and recognizing individuals from different races and ethnic groups. The theory portends that human beings can make accurate facial identification and recognition when it comes to differentiating people of their own race and ethic divisions. The demises attached to the flawed identification of criminals make it necessary for the

Peer Review PowerPoint Presentation Against Death Penalty Essay

Peer Review PowerPoint Presentation Against Death Penalty - Essay Example The paper ought to have introduced the matter as a regulation within the laws of the land that is not conforming to certain standards of the natural laws and that is not achieving any realistic targets as are expected. The body of the document does not present the information in a properly organized and sequential manner. The writer has failed to give the information with in depth explanations and examples covering all the expected and related cases. The body ought to have involved clear illustrations of the practical related issues in the area of concern ensuring that the illustrations of back up the improper effecting of the legislation and how it has directly affected the parties that have suffered from consequences of the implementation of this legislation. The body reports that the execution of the stipulated regulations of the process fails to achieve goals of handling the situation, however it does not provide the best practicable alternative that can solve the issue amicably. The writer just within the body provides his complaints but does not specifically raise the factual issues in relation to the execution of the regulation. The conclusion is very categorical and on point with direct inference on the opinion of the writer minus making a consideration of the opinions of other likeminded individuals and players in the subject area. The conclusion has failed to provide a concrete explanation and illustration in relation to the issues discussed and is very brief. The grammar has no proper polishing in relation to the clear presentation of the topic of discussion in the subject matter. However, the language used is not very professional and legislative as expected in relation to the subject of concern. I expected that the language of use in this paper would majorly be in relation to legislations and the acts of the government stated and clearly explained with the reasons of non-achievement of the

Long Term Care - Aging Baby Boom Generation Essay Example for Free

Long Term Care Aging Baby Boom Generation Essay The baby boom generation will pose a gross demand for long-term care services and the challenges that state and federal governments face in budgeting to offset those services. Federal entitlement spending will sharply increase due to lack of preparation (saving money) for â€Å"old age† by baby boomers. The some 76 million baby boomers born between 1946 and 1964 are anticipated to double the burden on Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security by 2035. (United States Government Accounting Office, 2001) Social Security and Medicare reform must continue to keep the programs viable and capable of meeting those commitments. Medicaid, the main agency that finances long term care, will need realistic focus. Currently, the services of Medicaid are unable to meet the demands of need for individuals with disabilities, leaving the individual’s family to face the burden of long term care cost. (United States Government Accounting Office, 2001) â€Å"As the baby boom generation retires and the Medicare-eligible population swells, the imbalance between outlays and revenues will increase dramatically. Medicare growth rates reflect not only a rapidly increasing beneficiary population,  but also the escalation of health care costs at rates well exceeding general rates of inflation. While advances in science and technology have greatly expanded the capabilities of medical science, disproportionate increases in the use of health services have been fueled by the lack of effective means to channel patients into consuming, and providers into offering, only appropriate services. Although Medicare cost growth had slowed in recent years, in fiscal year 2001 Medicare spending grew by 10.3 Percent and is up 7.8 percent for the first 5 months of fiscal year 2002. (United States Government Accounting Office, 2001)† Reference United States Government Accounting Offices (2001) Long Term Care Aging Baby Boomers Retrieved from http://www.gov/assets/110/109196.html

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Welcome staff, students, family, and graduates. Today marks a special day in our lives. Today is the day of our graduation. It seems with every graduating class there is a certain amount of responsibility placed on the graduates. For this year’s class it is no different, in fact more has been placed on this class than any others in history. The Class of 2006 is going to shape our world for the 21st century; the Class of 2006 is going to improve our lives and our country. We can talk all we want about the things we want to accomplish or change, but if we do not reach out for opportunities, then all of these ideas are fantasies. This is what I want to talk about with all of you today. First, what is an opportunity? An opportunity is the chance to do something to improve ourselves or the lives of others. When we were freshmen, our teachers, counselors and administration urged us on to excel in the classroom, join a sports team or help with an activity for the school. As we grew older we had to motivate ourselves to do these things. There is a young lady graduating tonigh...

Main Themes in a Farewell to Arms Essay

Written in 1929 by Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms has always been considered a classic piece of literature. A major source of the novel’s success is how its themes tied into real life experiences during the First World War. While soldiers of the war fought for their country, they searched for love to escape total chaos and destruction. The two main themes in A Farewell to Arms are the gruesome reality of war and the relationship between love and pain. The first main theme of A Farewell to Arms is the devastation that war brings. Just as the title explains, A Farewell to Arms deals primarily with the process by which the protagonist, Frederic Henry, disconnects himself from the war and leaves it behind. While there are a few characters in the novel who actually support the effort, such as Ettore Moretti, a majority of the characters remain uncertain about the war, angry of the complete devastation it causes, and unconvinced of the splendor it supposedly brings. For example, while Henry and Passini discuss the war, Henry says, â€Å"I believe we should get the war over†¦ It would not finish if one side stopped fighting. It would only be worse if we stopped fighting† (Chapter 9, Page 49). The second main theme of the novel is the connection between love and pain. While the war takes place, Hemingway depicts the true, mysterious behavior of love. Although Catherine mourns for her dead fiance, she quickly begins to seduce Henry. Her intentions for courting Henry are obvious, that is she wants to separate herself from the pain of losing her fiance by finding a new love to fill the void. Likewise, Henry attempts to distance himself from the war as much as possible. By doing so, Henry and Catherine find comfort within each other from the dilemmas that surround them. Just like they fell in love with each other, Henry’s feelings for Catherine pass just as quickly as he witnesses her death. As he gives farewell to Catherine’s body, Henry says, â€Å"But after I got them to leave and shut the door and turned off the light it wasn’t any good. It was like saying good-by to a statue. After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to  the hotel in the rain† (Chapter 41, Page 332). Although Henry and Catherine genuinely loved each other, Henry’s heart is now void without the companionship of Catherine. The tragedy of A Farewell to Arms is that their love, although authentic, can never be more than temporary. In my opinion, I enjoyed this novel for a few reasons. First, A Farewell to Arms is a semi-autobiography about Hemingway and his time fighting in the Italian campaigns during World War I. Secondly, the novel is able to give perspective of the troubles and triumphs of those soldiers that fought during the war. Finally, the mysterious love that Henry and Catherine have for each other proved to be interesting and unusual. In conclusion, A Farewell to Arms proved to be a masterpiece in my opinion. While addressing the struggles and feats of those soldiers who fought during World War I, we are able to dive into the conscious of a unique fighter who parts himself from the war as much as possible while trying to find true love, even though the reasoning behind finding love was only to help escape from the war.

Paypal

Papal is a kind of financial instrument that connects the plastic, credit card or any bank account with a user account on the system, which makes it possible at any moment to replenish their balance in the system, to make any payments, withdraw money. 1. 0 The history of success Papal – is the largest electronic money system in the world designed to make payments on the Internet. Papal is making it possible for users to make their money into your account using a mobile phone connected to the Internet.In 1998, Max Levin, Luke Noses, and Peter Thiele founded the company Continuity, whose task was o develop cryptographic applications that might be used in the implementation of electronic payment transactions using mobile phones. This project is interested in several investors – Deutsche Bank, which has invested in the project, is $ 1. 5 million, and Monika Ventures – they implemented an infusion of $ 3 million. In 1999, Leon Musk founded the company X. Com Corporati on, which was engaged in a variety of financial services on the Internet.Considering the needs of the market, the developers of the company is mainly focused on the creation of an electronic moment system via e-mail. In November 1999 there was a merger of the two companies – X. Com Corporation and Continuity, resulting in a new company – Papal Ink. Officially, the company Papal launched Just over a year – in February 2000, the site was set up Papal. Com Here is some strategic ways which Papal use to got success in business: Active and intelligent campaign, which promotes the benefits of electronic payment system Papal became to the fact that a large number of investors, among which were the major U. S. Ankhs, interested in the project. As a exult, the development of e- money system Papal has invested 23 million dollars, and the rapid development of the Internet has played into the hands of the founders of the company – a large number of users of the syste m who appreciate the convenience of this form of transaction. Within six months of the payment system Papal enjoyed a half million people, the turnover amounted to two million dollars, and more than one million of the world of auctions used this system for their monetary transactions. Registration has opened Papal convenience and new opportunities for different market participants.At the same time the system was introduced improvements – was possible to invest Papal, and receive monthly dividends. In February 2002, the U. S. Stock market, Papal will put shares at $ 900 million. And in 2006, the electronic payment system Papal was awarded the â€Å"Best Financial Site A year later, the system had available for users of Papal in Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Astrakhan. In 2008, Papal has released a card Papal Top Up, which allowed the system to attract a new range of customers and has made it possible to provide services in off-line mode.Papal become famous revolution in the oral of information technology, as allowed to make payments instantly even with a regular mobile phone. In order to send or receive money, do not need to do anything to make out – enough to activate and send a message Today, the remarkable system Papal – the undisputed leader in its sector and so far no one service does not attract the same number of customers as the project. Papal is licensed agencies that monitor and regulate the activities of all financial institutions in the U. S. , so the system has a certain impact on the entire sector.All electronic user accounts are ensured, are denominated in U. S. Currency, money is in the bank Wells Fargo. It is also important that the system is constantly evolving – many famous people say this is what the Internet as the main factor of popularity. Thus, the service now supports not only the U. S. Currency , but such different currencies , the Euro , Australian dollar , Canadian dollar , pound sterling, Chinese Yuan , the Japanese yen , the Hungarian forint , the Hong Kong dollar , the Danish and Czech crown , the Polish zloty , New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar , the Norwegian crone , the Swiss bank and theSwedish Akron . Also among the benefits of the famous service Papal, which determine its relevance , it is worth noting , such as the maximum ease of use , user- friendly interface, international, multilingual and multi-currency , the ability of mobile payments, the maximum level of safety , insurance funds. Implementation of transactions in multiple currencies at the same time In the Papal system created function â€Å"Working with different currencies† to facilitate payments between foreign parties. Papal offers exchange rates, competitive exchange rates relative to other client services.The most current information on exchange rates based on the â€Å"interbrain exchange rates† Inter-bank exchange rates are established in the course of currency trading in a global network of more than 1,000 banks, and the channels are not available to customers or retailers. Customers can use these courses are for reference purposes, but should not rely on the inter-bank exchange rates in transactions where the conversion takes place. For current rates contact your local financial institution or an exchange office or see the course, reflected in your transaction Papal. 3. 0 Papal – increasing to globalizationThe online payment system Papal has announced the beginning of its work on the market at once, and 87 new states. Therefore, the list of countries with which operates Papal increased to 190. List of new countries includes countries such as : Albania , Algeria , Angola , Antigen and Barbuda , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belize , Benign , Bhutan , Bolivia, Bosnia and Herringbone , Bulgaria , Burning Fast , Burundi , Cambodia , Chad , Colombia , Cosmos , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Republic of the Congo , Cook Islands , Outside , Dominica , El Salvador , R eiterate , Ethiopia , FareIslands, Gabon , Gambia , Greenland , Grenade , Guatemala , Guiana , Guiana- Bissau , Guyana , Honduras, Astrakhan , Kenya , Jackrabbit, Kuwait, Gyrations , Laos , Lesotho , Madagascar , Malawi , Mali , Marshall Islands , Mauritania , Micronesia , Mongolia , Morocco , Macaque , Naira , Nepal , Nicaragua , Niger , Nine, Norfolk Island , Oman , Papal , Panama , Papua Papua New Guiana, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , San Marino , SAA Tome and Principle , Saudi Arabia , Senegal , Seychelles , Sierra Leone , Somalia , Sir Lankan, Surname,Scabbard and Ian Mane , Swaziland , Atkinson , Tanzania , Transmittal , Tuba , Uganda , Vaunt , Vatican City , Yemen and Zambia . Adding support for new languages will primarily Spanish- , French- and Chinese- speaking users to avoid a certain kind of confusion when making online purchases. Customers using the web browser on one of these three languages , with the first site visit will be p rompt to translate it into the language of their browser. We are very excited about our expansion into new markets around the world, as well as adding the ability to view our website in three ewe languages. Recent innovation allows users to directly in 46 countries and work with us in their own language. This will help make both internal and international payments easier and safer for millions of customers around the world, â€Å"commented innovation Dana Stalled (Dana Stalled), senior vice president of Papal. Add that to the moment Papal has 143 million user accounts worldwide.In the first quarter of 2007, the volume of payments through Papal amounted to more than $ 11 billion. Http://ahead. Org/archives/ahead_archive/may-Junco/0066. HTML Globalization in e-commerce: Papal arrives in Russia November 1, the international online payment system Papal starts working with Russian rubles. This information is contained in the text of the amendments to the â€Å"User Agreement† and † Privacy Policy Ð’Â » Papal. As the portal Moneys. Our, document, in particular, establishes an equivalent charged for transactions through Papal commissions in Russian rubles.Thus, the fixed charge for domestic payments in foreign currency will be 10 rubles, and for incompetents between users from different countries – only 2 of the ruble. The maximum size of the Commission for Mass Payments in Russia and around the world is set at 240 rubles and 1,400 rubles, respectively. The fee for â€Å"greenbacks† will be 64 rubles. For active users Papal, freelancers, online stores and services especially relevant is the question of the possibility of withdrawing from a purse in the Papal account in a Russian bank. Confirmed information on this matter until it has none.Back in April 2012, Papal will filed documents with the CAB to create a non-bank credit organizations ( Nags), but still do not know at what stage the approval of documents . Optimistic predictions th at the withdrawal of funds to the accounts of Russian banks will be available simultaneously with the upcoming November 1 changes can neither confirm nor deny. On the one hand, of course, the arrival of Papal will make an additional stimulus to the development of e- commerce in Russia at the expense of the same eBay and foreign online stores often provide more favorable conditions for buyers.On the other hand, many experts and members of the Russian market of e-commerce users to predict the outflow popular now in the country of online payment service to Papal. The undoubted advantage for Runner is to increase the level of confidence of taxpayers to payments on the internet and projected in connection with the introduction of market growth Papal e- commerce in general, Russia 4. 0 Do you use Papal? Yes, of course I use.And here are the reasons why I choose Papal Because, Papal is the easiest and safest method of payment, which will save you the headache and confusion can quickly buil d a successful positive feedback. Once the client has paid for the goods, Papal immediately, within a few seconds sends you an email notification that the money is credited to the account. Nice to wake up in the morning, open the email and see the yawning so dear words – muff got Cash!!! † Papal is enjoyed by people from 190 countries. What else is good Papal to me?Do you have the money in the account, which will allow you to get a debit card fast enough! If the situation is such that you cannot use a credit card relative, and get a debit card there is no possibility of that is not available even hundreds of dollars, which would be put in a bank account, Papal will take you Just a cool way out of the situation. After 60 days of opening a Papal account and the money is transferred o this account from trading on eBay, make an application for obtaining card. Debit card Papal allows you to pay for goods and services both online and in real life.You can open one of the three types of accounts on Papal: Personal Accounts, Premier Accounts, Business Accounts. Open the Premier Account, as in the Personal there are many limitations, such as the owners of Personal Accounts debit card is not entitled. In the case of Premier Accounts you will have a good prospect of a debit card, and a little later, and credit cards. When you send money to the Premier Account, then you will not be taking fee. If you sold it on eBay and either you received money on account, Papal will take with you a small fee.According to statistics, about 78 % of the visitors are eBay's Papal account. Buyers who do not have such an account could send me a check or Money Order, but I deliberately refuse this. I refuse it for one reason; I want to live in peace. The fact is that, the letters sent checks. Sometimes the letters are delayed, buyers are nervous, you're too worried. I cannot force you to use your example predominantly Papal for billing the customer, each with its own head on his ho lders, but I cannot resist the Board: I am very happy with Palsy's service. 5. Conclusion If briefly conclude, today, the remarkable system Papal – the undisputed leader in its sector and so far no one service does not attract the same number of customers as the project. Also among the benefits of the famous service Papal, which determine its relevance , it is worth noting , such as the maximum ease of use , user-friendly interface , international, multilingual and multi-currency , the ability of mobile payments , the maximum level of safety , insurance funds. And that the company is irking without stopping in many countries to satisfy their customers.Example for innovation is mobile wallet: Papal is ready to accelerate their adoption by the insertion of additional services designed to give consumers a reason to use the Papal wallet into several categories and merchants to give a reason to consider adding another method of payment. If Papal has several features, so why don't use it? My choice is Papal. 6. 0 Reference World Wide Web HTTPS://www. Papal-media. Com/ http://www. Freelancer. Mix/page. PH? P=info/terms HTTPS://www. Papal-media. Com/history

Breathtaking Facts about Fisher Effect

Breathtaking Facts about Fisher Effect The Fisher Effect is a macroeconomic concept developed by the early American economist Irving Fisher (1867-1947) that predicts that the real interest rate is equal to the nominal interest rate minus the rate of inflation, and that in order to hold the real interest rate constant, the nominal interest rate must be adjusted by an amount equal to the rate of inflation. What Is the Fisher Effect? The Fisher Effect is a macroeconomic concept developed by the early American economist Irving Fisher (1867-1947) that predicts that the real interest rate is equal to the nominal interest rate minus the rate of inflation, and that in order to hold the real interest rate constant, the nominal interest rate must be adjusted by an amount equal to the rate of inflation. BLACK ECONOMY The importance of this prediction is that it suggests that over a long term period, changes in monetary control measures, such as adjustments in interest rates or the money supply, have no real effect on real interest rates or economic output. In order to understand the Fisher Effect (which should not be confused with the similarly-named International Fisher Effect, which deals with currency values and was also developed by Dr. Fisher), we need to understand two basic economic ideas: the difference between real and nominal interest rates, and the quantity theory of money. The nominal interest rate is the stated interest borne by any sort of investment instrument – a savings account, bond, interest on a loan, and so on. For example, if you were to purchase a 30-day certificate of deposit at 5% interest for $1,000, the nominal interest at the end of those 30 days would be $50. Because of price inflation, however, the new balance of $1,050 is worth less than that relative to the $1,000 it was worth 30 days ago. If the inflation rate is 2%, then the real value of the balance is $1,030 – 5% minus the 2% inflation rate equals 3%, which is the real interest rate. The Quantity Theory of Money The quantity theory of money relates prices to the supply of money in the economy; as the supply of money increases, so do prices. The theory is expressed by a simple, well-known equation M x V = P x Y, where M represents the money supply, V represents â€Å"velocity† or the number of times in a specified period the money is exchanged for goods or services, P represents an overall price level in an economy, and Y represents economic output, i.e. the real GDP. The equation can also be written in a form in which growth rates are substitutes for whole values for the variables; it functions in much the same way in either form. In the quantity theory, so long as the â€Å"velocity† of money and the economic output do not change, prices have to change according to the money supply. Over long periods, the velocity of money does, in fact, remain fairly constant. Economic output does change, but other parts of economic theory demonstrate that changes in economic output are attributable to technology and factors of production, not changes in the money supply. In other words, increases in economic output automatically increase the velocity of money by a corresponding amount, canceling these two factors out of the equation, or making them constant in relation to the M and the P. Enter the Fisher Effect Now we return to real and nominal interest rates. The constant (or if you prefer, equivalent) nature of the velocity of money and economic output over long periods of time is an indication that real interest rates do not change. Think of it this way: at any given point in time, a dollar purchases a dollar’s worth of goods or services. In a short term, of course, we notice the lag in the value of our dollar due to price inflation, but over a long period, the relative value remains approximately the same; prices go up, but so do wages and earnings on investments. That long-term consistency is the Fisher Effect. As inflation progresses, nominal interest rates are adjusted upward to compensate and keep real interest rates more or less constant. It’s â€Å"more or less† constant because the effect is not a smooth curve. When interest rates are set, the anticipated rate of inflation is taken into account; in reality, the rate of inflation usually differs slightly in magnitude and rate of change, meaning that from one interest-setting period to the next, the nominal interest rate either lags or leads to a small degree with respect to the inflation rate. The effect, however, averages out over a long period. The Fisher Effect in the context of the quantity theory of money also explains why efforts to stimulate an economy through adding money to the financial system – the so-called â€Å"quantitative easing† – usually has little to no effect. In theory, increasing the money supply increases the velocity of money; there is more money to spend, therefore, more exchanges of money occur. Thus, in the quantity theory equation, the left side of the equation, M x V, increases. If prices, P, on the right side of the equation do not immediately increase, or do not increase by a necessary amount, then in order for the equation to remain equal economic output, Y, must increase. HOW TO SAVE MONEY IN COLLEGE? The problem with this thinking is that first of all, economic output has the slowest rate of change of the four variables; prices will always change more quickly, and that keeps the equation equal. Second, nominal interest rates affect the velocity of money; when inflation rises, nominal interest rates are raised according to the Fisher Effect, and when interest rates increase, the velocity of money decreases. Interest on loans, for example, is raised because lenders are very aware of their real interest rate, and act to prevent it from decreasing. When loan interest is higher, fewer loans are made. For investors, higher interest rates encourage maintaining investments and accessing new ones, rather than liquidating them and spending the money on something else; the net change in the value of V is then zero, or close to it. The Fisher Effect is essentially an explanation for the relatively constant, cyclical nature of the economy over a long period of time. It is a fairly basic economic concept and can be seen in action if one looks at the economy from a historical perspective. It does not appear in the short term, which is perhaps why government economic managers seem to forget about it; if they would keep it in mind, however, they would realize that much of their effort towards â€Å"stimulating the economy† or â€Å"managing the exchange value of the currency† has no real impact and that their time might be better spent on other activities.

Top 10 Punctuation Mistakes

Top 10 Punctuation Mistakes Top 10 Punctuation Mistakes Top 10 Punctuation Mistakes By Maeve Maddox Writers can avoid most errors of punctuation by mastering the following conventions. 1. Introductory words, phrases, and clauses are followed by a comma. Incorrect: Moreover students are expected to read at least one English classic every six weeks. Correct : Moreover, students are expected to read at least one English classic every six weeks. Moreover is an introductory word and should be followed by a comma. Incorrect: To become fluent readers students must read outside school hours. Correct : To become fluent readers, students must read outside school hours. â€Å"To become fluent readers† is an introductory infinitive phrase and should be followed by a comma. Incorrect: If you want to write well you must be prepared to practice the craft. Correct : If you want to write well, you must be prepared to practice the craft. â€Å"If you want to write well† is an introductory clause and should be followed by a comma. 2. Nonessential information is set off with commas. Incorrect: Joseph Conrad who was born in Poland began to learn English in his twenties. Correct : Joseph Conrad, who was born in Poland, began to learn English in his twenties. â€Å"Who was born in Poland† is a clause that provides nonessential information and should be set off by commas. 3. Essential information does not require commas. Incorrect: The boys, who vandalized the public gardens, are in police custody. Correct : The boys who vandalized the public gardens are in police custody. â€Å"Who vandalized the public gardens† is essential information because it identifies which boys are meant. It should not be set off by commas. 4. A comma is placed before a coordinate conjunction that joins two main clauses. Incorrect: The cougar moved quickly but the tourist reached the safety of the cabin. Correct : The cougar moved quickly, but the tourist reached the safety of the cabin. The clauses joined by the conjunction but could stand alone as complete sentences: â€Å"The cougar moved quickly† and â€Å"The tourist reached the safety of the cabin.† A comma is not needed with a compound verb joined by a coordinate conjunction: â€Å"The tourist saw the cougar and ran to the cabin.† 5. A comma is not strong enough to join two main clauses. (Comma splice) Incorrect: Circumstances required the children to live in a homeless shelter, nevertheless they kept up with their studies. Correct : Circumstances required the children to live in a homeless shelter; nevertheless, they kept up with their studies. Also Correct: Circumstances required the children to live in a homeless shelter. Nevertheless, they kept up with their studies. A comma splice results when two main clauses are joined by a comma. The main clauses here are â€Å"Circumstances required the children to live in a homeless shelter† and â€Å"nevertheless, they kept up with their studies.† The word nevertheless is a conjunctive adverb. Its function is to provide a transition between two thoughts, but it is not a joining word like and or but. A comma splice can be avoided by placing a semicolon after the first clause or by ending the first clause with a period or other end stop and starting a new sentence with a capital. 6. A comma is not needed before a noun clause in ordinary narration. Incorrect: The spelunkers found, that the caves were closed to protect the bats. Correct : The spelunkers found that the caves were closed to protect the bats. The noun clause is â€Å"the caves were closed to protect the bats.† The clause functions as the direct object of the verb in the main clause, found. 7. A comma is needed before a direct quotation. Incorrect: The wizard said â€Å"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain.† Correct : The wizard said, â€Å"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain.† 8. Colons should be used after a complete sentence to introduce a word, phrase, clause, list, or quotation. Incorrect: Her favorite flowers are: daffodils, roses, and pansies. Correct : She has three favorite flowers: daffodils, roses, and pansies. â€Å"Her favorite flowers are† is a sentence fragment. A complete sentence should precede a colon that introduces a thought that expands on the meaning of the sentence that precedes it. 9. Main clauses that are not part of a compound or complex sentence require an end stop. When a period or other end stop is omitted, the result is a â€Å"run-on sentence.† Incorrect: The rushing waves capsized the boat indifferent gulls wheeled overhead. Correct : The rushing waves capsized the boat. Indifferent gulls wheeled overhead. The simplest way to correct a run-on sentence is to put a period at the end of the first clause and capitalize the next one. 10. Multiple exclamation points don’t belong in mature writing. Incorrect: Before my astonished eyes, the house sank into the tarn!!!! Correct : Before my astonished eyes, the house sank into the tarn! On the rare occasions that an exclamation mark is wanted in formal writing, one is sufficient. Bonus: Quotation marks should not be used for mere emphasis. Incorrect: Our staff is required to take three â€Å"safety† courses every year. Correct : Our staff is required to take three safety courses every year. In most contexts, placing quotation marks around a word suggests that the word is being used with a meaning other than the obvious one. Writers who enclose words in quotation marks merely for emphasis risk annoying their readers. No one likes to waste time trying to discern a hidden meaning where there is none. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Common Mistakes category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Writing the CenturyConfusion of Subjective and Objective Pronouns

Correct the Grammar and make it clear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Correct the Grammar and make it clear - Essay Example They struggle to lead their children to success. Here, the families have established in them the respect for other people, especially their neighbors. In our country, we used to meet as classmates in the morning and as neighbors to play together in the evening. It was really a beautiful life supporting and accepting each other. After I saw this interesting video, I realized my duty as a teacher, to help the students strengthen these concepts and encourage them to accept other students along with respecting their feelings, despite of any color difference. I will support my students if they ask me to help. To cooperate with the most important strategies and to begin applying them, I educate the students to encourage and promote their abilities themselves. Communication with parents is also very important. Parents alter to the problem of transcendence among the students and may contribute by changing the style of upbringing their children, helping the school in creating an effective imp act. For the teacher, there are many activities that can be done with their students to reject behaviors such as helping the poor people through collecting the donations. Finally, I would like to advocate about writing the position and feelings of each student by themselves.

Integrating Faith and Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integrating Faith and Learning - Essay Example Faith in God automatically gives faith in the self and only then, one learns the right things at the right time in the right way. Hence, learning and faith have to be integrated to reduce the gap between faith and learning. We can pour into a vessel only when it is empty. When the mind and soul are focused on God, it is free from negative thoughts and distractions. It is then easy to conceive what one learns; fear and anxiety do not haunt the mind. The mind becomes strong and a strong mind can concentrate and learn anything with ease. Therefore, I would start my day with intense prayers to the lord in the first place. We have or make a life-long commitment to Jesus; a lifetime commitment keeps the mind focused. Statistics too would require a life long commitment. This has to be borne in the mind. As during prayers, we open the heart to the lord, while learning statistics we should open our heart so that research is perfect and learning is intense. Relational Evangelism teaches us to share knowledge. When we share knowledge, when we teach others what we have learned the knowledge becomes firm. Statistics is a subject where the foundation has to be firm and the application of theory has to be done at the right place. If I share, if I teach others what I have understood, I would never forget what I have learnt. Statistics requires a lot of research and planning. A constant reflection on and search on God’s ideas leads us closer to God; a constant search, an in-depth research to get to the truth, will help me to integrate statistics in my life. To understand the taste and feel of water we have to take a dip in the water. Standing on the banks we can only talk theory. Similarly, to understand God we have to become one with him; to understand statistics we have to get to the roots, do intense research and learning; become one with it. Christianity is not a viewpoint imposed on world knowledge; it provides a clarifying platform for engaging all

Summary of article on human intelligence or memory Essay

Summary of article on human intelligence or memory - Essay Example How alcohol affects the brain and the impact of heavy drinking on the brain and memory has always been a topic of research. Well, there are several factors that determine the severity of the affect of alcohol on the brain. Some of the factors include the quantity of alcohol being consumed by a person, age, gender and his or her general health status. Alcohol consumption can have noticeable impairments in memory only after a few drinks. And as the amount of alcohol consumption increases, the degree of impairment also increases accordingly. If one consumes alcohol regularly in an empty stomach, it can create a blackout and the drunken person fail to recall the events, if any. Blackouts have been found to be a common symptom among social drinkers regardless of age, and sex. A survey conducted on college undergraduates revealed that 51 percent experienced blackouts in some point in their lives while 40 percent experienced blackout one year before the survey ("Alcohol’s damaging effects," 2004). Many students however, reported that they could not even remember events such as vandalism, driving and unprotected sex. Both men and women experience black outs. A new research study reveals that regardless the amount of alcohol consumed, women’s tendency to black outs is more than males. And the result also shows that there is a significant difference in alcohol metabolism in males and females. In addition, the result shows that females may be more susceptible to alcohol than males. Does the above outcome show that women are more vulnerable to alcohol’s effects on the brain? Well, many studies reveal that women are more vulnerable than men. Alcoholic women develop various problems including cirrhosis, heart muscle damage and nerve damage. However, studies regarding the sensitivity to alcohol-induced brain damage in men and women have not been as convincing yet. However, brain shrinkage