Comparison: John Donne and William Shakespeare

Examination: John Donne and William Shakespeare Considering Shakespeare’s 450th commemoration a remark has been interrogated concerning his poems significance in today’s time. Numerous understudies contending and addressing why it is significant for Elizabethan poems to be concentrated in today’s writing. The topic of how Shakespeare relates in todays times is constantly been asked and through this intelligent exposition I will exhibit how and why it is applicable. I will examine in various sections why it relates in todays time through the comprehension of the subject, structure and the beautiful methods using John Donne’s Holy Sonnet 10 and Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18. The subjects of the sonnets draw on thoughts of various kinds of intensity, including the intensity of religion and the intensity of the composed word. Donne catches the intensity of conviction faultlessly in his analogies and exemplification of death. By Donne featuring a person’s dread of death and playing on the thought a person’s soul can endure demise; through this he effectively makes an incredible topic and a mystery of interminability. This subject can be seen all through his sonnet for example line 8: ‘rest their bones and soul’s delivery’. Donne’s subject s plays on the thoughts of the job of death in a typical life. He depicts it as the best approach to break liberated from the difficulties that go with one lifetime. Donne may appear to be taunting or assaulting demise yet he is in truth not yet rather he contradicts the ordinary thought that passing is appalling which can be found in line 2 â€Å"Mighty and repulsive, for, thou cr aftsmanship not so.† These subjects in piece 10 despite everything identifies with today’s time for some explanation. Initially, all through the poem Donne gives the possibility of post-existence, or the way that you will ‘break free’ after you bite the dust. These lines help identify with numerous religions that are still around in todays time. The idea of post-existence has been a ‘hot topic’ in today’s time as it was in Donne’s time. This conviction of your soul’s everlasting life identifies with innumerable individuals, since simply like me individuals fear demise and have confidence in an unceasing eternal life. Piece 18 by Shakespeare centers around the intensity of the composed word and how the sonnet itself has intercourse interminable. In work 18 Shakespeare stresses that, when imagined in a sonnet, love never passes on: â€Å"So long as men can inhale, or eyes can see, so long carries on with this, and this offer s life to thee† (lines 13 and 14). This poem identifies with todays times, the same number of individuals including myself accept that adoration never bites the dust. In the film â€Å"The Notebook† the subject â€Å"love never dies† exhibits itself well all through it. With the possibility of the two characters being enamored from such a youthful age demonstrates to me that adoration never bites the dust which relates work 18 in todays time using motion pictures. Both Donne and Shakespeare composed and both utilized numerous important procedures of this type of verse. The two sonnets comprise with the utilization of quatrains and a couplet in a 14 line poem. In Donne’s Holy Sonnet 10 he utilized a rhyming plan that is like a Petrarchan work which is comprised of 14 lines and a rhyme conspire. The rhyme plan will as a rule goes ABBAABBA which is then for the most part followed by CDCDCD. In any case, in poem 10 Donne completes it marginally in an unexpected way. The poems last six lines are comprised of CDDCAA and in the event that you look cautiously you can see some various things occurring. In line 13 the word â€Å"swell’st,† which rhythms with past words â€Å"dwell† and â€Å"well.† Donne has quite recently positioned an additional rhyme which is known to be somewhat bizarre. Donne has organized his sonnet in a manner that would expect you to articulate certain words to make them rhyme. For example you would need to articulate the words structure â€Å"eternally† and â€Å"die† to â€Å"eternal-lie† just to make it rhyme. This can relate in today’s time using music. For example, an acclaimed rapper named Eminem had the option to rhyme the word orange to various different things that didn’t spell the method of a rhyme however rather using the elocution a rhyme was made simply like Donne in work 10. Rap is incredible case of how these pieces despite everything identify with todays time as the two of them utilize the structure of rhyme. If you somehow happened to consider music in today’s time you would have the option to see that most craftsmen would comprise of a specific structure to their music to keep it streaming particularly rhyming. The Holy Sonnet 10 additionally utilized the poetic pattern to help with underscoring specific words which are significant. These particularly happen toward the start or parts of the bargains lines. Poem 18 has organized their piece with the utilization of non-serious inquiries. For example, the principal line of poem 18 â€Å"Shall I contrast thee with a summer’s day?† This line has utilized non-serious inquiry to improve the exaggerative language and correlations which make the story and are regular in most verse. The rhyming in work 18 contains an ABAB CDCD EFEF GG rhyme conspire. Voltas are likewise obvious in poem 18as the creator utilizes end stop lines to help improve the arrangement of control which fortifies the story. Shakespeare’s poem 18 effectively utilizes Iambic pentameter to make a sentiment of conspicuousness just as a tranquil sense. This structure is obvious in today’s time. Much the same as Donne’s piece 10 the utilization of rhyme in music helps reveal to me that the structure of poems is as yet applicable right up 'til today. There are various graceful strategies that can be found in Donne’s piece 10. Donne’s sonnet frequently utilizes similar sounding word usage to help in cadence and rhyme which can be found in line 4 and 6; â€Å"much delight then from thee substantially more should stream (line 6). Donne’s work utilizes prides all through the poem as it declares that rest and demise are comparative. The poem likewise utilizes exemplification of death to help express to the peruser that demise isn't the end, and eagerly the peruser will identify with it which at that point expands the subject of endless life. The piece at that point utilizes a wide Catch 22 about endlessness as Donne presents that demise doesn't slaughter yet just takes care of you, this Catch 22 improves and feature the expected subject and story of the sonnet which is interminable life. These idyllic strategies can at present be seen in today’s times. For instance in numerous youngsters books the utilizat ion of similar sounding word usage to help rhyme words can be seen. This can be found in a popular creator Dr Seuss who represented considerable authority in similar sounding word usage to guarantee his sonnets would rhyme. This causes me understand that graceful procedures are as yet pertinent today and are utilized to help create youthful children’s cerebrums. Shakespeare’s work utilizes different measures of wonderful procedures. Initially the utilization of similar sounding word usage can be found in lines 7; â€Å"And ever reasonable from reasonable once in a while declines†. Which helps keep a feeling of mood and rhyme in Shakespeare’s poem. Much the same as Donne’s sonnet Shakespeare additionally utilizes prides in his poem which can be seen when he thinks about an individual to a summer’s day. Shakespeare additionally utilizes overstatements all through his sonnet which misrepresents and feature the correlations of his companion or darling to nature. Shakespeare’s 450th commemoration has brought up many issue of why it is as yet important in today’s time. In this intelligent exposition I have talked about why it is as yet pertinent in today’s time using subject, structure and beautiful methods. I have talked about how subjects are as yet important in today’s time using motion pictures and how structure and lovely procedures can be found in music and books. I trust it is as yet pertinent in today’s time through all the current day things that require and utilize these old procedures. Life: A Fusion Of Pleasure And Pain Life: A Fusion Of Pleasure And Pain A blend of satisfaction and distress; a delightful mixing of light and dull. Human presence is involved an interlacing snare of bliss and depression; a web from which we can't get away. A significant number of the works that we have perused in class think about this combination that we call life. Maurice Blanchot enough sums up the substance of human presence as cited from The Infinite Conversation: The man of the world lives in subtlety and by degrees, he lives in a blend of light and shadow, in confounded charm or indecisive average quality: in the center. Terrible man lives in the extraordinary strain between contraries, going from a yes and no confusedly converged back to a yes and a no that are clear and obviously safeguarded in their resistance. He doesn't consider man to be a tolerable blend of average characteristics and genuine failings, yet as a bearable gathering of outrageous glory and extraordinary desperation, an incoherent nothingness wherein the two boundless qualities collide.1 Basically, vacillation characterizes our life: the unfortunate world. People are interesting in the way that we can be injured, not simply in the physical sense, yet in the truth that a person or thing can break our trustworthiness. Georges Bataille states that man contrasts from creature in that he can encounter certain vibes that injury him and dissolve him deeply. 2 This obvious the truth is the thing that makes us vulnerable to the uncertainty of life; the sureness that enthusiastic enduring can be exacted onto us by others. In Madame Edwarda, Georges Bataille amusingly alludes to the whores vagina as an injury; 3 deducing the combination of joy and agony for the storyteller. From the start, one may feel that her injury should carry only sexual joy to the storyteller, anyway her injury at last causes him passionate misery from numerous points of view. Madame Edwarda distinguishes herself as God, drawing the storyteller further into her alluring trance induction. By introducing

Gcse History Revision Notes – Germany

History Revision Notes †Germany Weimar †qualities and shortcomings The Weimar Republic After Germany lost the First World War, the Kaiser fled and another law based administration of Germany was announced in February 1919 at the humble community of Weimar. It was too hazardous to even consider making an announcement in Berlin where there had recently been a revolt by a Communist gathering called the Spartacists. Qualities †¢ A Bill of Rights ensured each German resident ability to speak freely and religion, and correspondence under the law. †¢ All people beyond 20 years old were given the vote. †¢ There was a chosen president and a chosen Reichstag (parliament). The Reichstag made the laws and named the administration, which needed to do what the Reichstag needed. Shortcomings †¢ Proportional portrayal †rather than deciding in favor of a MP, as we do in Britain,Weimar Germans decided in favor of a gathering. Each gathering was then allotted seats in the Reichstag precisely reflecting (relative' to) the quantity of individuals who had decided in favor of it. This sounds reasonable, however practically speaking it was a calamity it brought about many small gatherings, with no gathering sufficiently able to get a greater part, and, along these lines, no legislature to get its laws went in the Reichstag. This was a significant shortcoming of the Republic. Article 48 †this said, in a crisis, the president didn't require the understanding of the Reichstag, yet could give orders [Decrees: Laws passed by one priest in a parliament, which have not been endorsed by the greater part parliament. ]. The issue with this was it didn't state what a crisis was, and at long last, it ended up being a way that Hitler used to take power lawfully. Weimar †issues 1919-1923 The Weimar Republic confronted resistance from the start in 1919, after the marking of the Treaty of Versailles. Monetary hardship influenced the entire country and prom pted uprisings and assassinations.Key issues The Weimar Republic was made during a period of disarray and mayhem after Germany had lost the First World War. Numerous individuals felt that Germany had gotten an exceptionally brutal arrangement in the Treaty of Versailles and they disdained the legislature for marking it and consenting to its conditions. The Weimar Republic confronted rough uprisings from different gatherings, also financial issues. Germany somewhere in the range of 1918 and 1919 was in mayhem. Individuals were starving, the Kaiser had fled and individuals loathed the legislature for marking the cease-fire to end the war in November 1918 †they considered them the November criminals.Bands of officers called Freikorps would not disband and framed private armed forces. It was anything but a decent beginning for the Republic. There was nonstop viciousness and distress: †¢ In March 1920, there was a resistance †the Kapp Putsch †that intended to bring ba ck the Kaiser . †¢ Nationalist fear bunches killed 356 government lawmakers. †¢ Many of the individuals in Germany were socialists who needed to get a Russian-style socialist government. There were various socialist uprisings. For example, in 1919 the Spartacists revolted in Berlin. [pic] The Kapp Putsch walk in March 1920, the conservative patriot Dr Wolfgang Kapp took over Berlin. The military would not assault him; he was possibly crushed when the laborers of Berlin took to the streets. The Weimar government's principle emergency happened in 1923, when the Germans neglected to make a reparations installment ( installments made for harm caused in WW1. Some portion of T of V) on schedule, which set off a train of occasions that included: †¢ a French intrusion of the Ruhr †¢ a general strike †¢ hyperinflation †¢ various socialist uprisings †¢ an endeavored Nazi putsch in Munich Weimar †emergency of 1923The 1923 emergency started when Germany m issed a reparations installment. This circumstance spiraled wild and by and by the German individuals were troubled and in money related trouble, so uprisings happened all through the nation. Hyperinflation The unexpected surge of paper cash into the economy, on the general strike †which implied that no merchandise were produced, so there was more cash, pursuing less products †joined with a powerless economy demolished by the war, all brought about hyperinflation. Costs came up short on control †eg a portion of bread, which cost 250 stamps in January 1923 had ascended to 200,000 million checks in November 1923.German's cash got useless. Be that as it may, recall: †¢ Some individuals made fortunes during the emergency. One man acquired cash to purchase a crowd of cows, yet not long after repaid his credit by selling one cow. †¢ People on compensation were sheltered, on the grounds that they renegotiated their wages each day. †¢ Pensioners on fixed salari es and individuals with reserve funds were the most severely hit. One lady sold her home with the aim of utilizing the cash to live on. Half a month later, the cash wasn't sufficiently even to purchase a portion of bread. The Early Nazi Party The Nazi belief system: †¢ Lebensraum †the requirement for ‘living space' for the German country to extend. A solid Germany †the Treaty of Versailles ought to be nullified and all German-talking individuals joined in one nation. †¢ Fuhrer †the possibility that there ought to be a solitary chief with complete force as opposed to a popular government. †¢ Social Darwinism †the possibility that the Aryan race was prevalent and Jews were ‘subhuman'. †¢ Autarky †the possibility that Germany ought to be monetarily independent. †¢ Germany was in peril †from Communists and Jews, who must be demolished. The intrigue of the Nazis In the 1920s, the Nazis attempted to be everything to all pe ople.The 25-Point Program had approaches that were: †¢ Socialist †eg ranchers ought to be given their territory; annuities ought to improve; and open enterprises, for example, power and water ought to be claimed by the state. †¢ Nationalist †all German-talking individuals ought to be joined in one nation; the Treaty of Versailles ought to be abrogated; and there ought to be unique laws for outsiders. †¢ Racist †Jews ought not be German residents and migration ought to be halted. †¢ Fascist †a solid focal government and control of the papers. The Nazis didn't engage: †¢ working men who casted a ballot Communist erudite people, for example, understudies and college teachers They were well known with: †¢ patriots and racists †¢ ranchers †¢ lower white collar class individuals, for example, handymen and retailers who were stressed over the confusion Germany was in †¢ rich individuals stressed by the danger from Communism R ebellions Unsurprisingly, the hardships made by hyperinflation prompted numerous uprisings as gatherings battled to take influence from Weimar. The Munich Putsch 1923 In November 1923, Hitler attempted to exploit the emergency confronting the Weimar government by inducing an insurgency in Munich.It appeared the ideal chance, however lack of foresight and misjudgement brought about disappointment and the ensuing detainment of Adolf Hitler. Synopsis right away, the Nazis were only a fear monger gathering. Hitler collected a huge gathering of jobless youngsters and previous officers, known as the tempest troopers (the SA), which assaulted other political gatherings. Hitler wanted to take power by beginning an unrest During the emergency of 1923, in this manner, Hitler plotted with two patriot lawmakers †Kahr and Lossow †to assume control over Munich in a revolution.Hitler gathered his tempest troopers and advised them to be prepared to revolt. Yet, at that point, on 4 October 1923, Kahr and Lossow canceled the defiance. This was incomprehensible for Hitler, who had 3,000 soldiers prepared to battle. [pic] Hitler waved a weapon at Khar and Lossow the evening of 8 November 1923, Hitler and 600 tempest troopers burst into a gathering that Kahr and Lossow were holding at the neighborhood Beer Hall. Waving a firearm at them, Hitler constrained them to consent to revolt †and afterward let them return home. The SA assumed control over the military central command and the workplaces of the neighborhood paper. 16 Nazis were killed in the scuffleThe following day, 9 November 1923, Hitler and his Nazis went into Munich on what they thought would be a triumphal walk to take power. Be that as it may, Kahr had brought in police and armed force fortifications. There was a short fight wherein the police slaughtered 16 Nazis. Hitler fled, however was captured two days after the fact. For what reason did Hitler endeavor the Munich Putsch in 1923? 1. By 1923, the Naz i party had 55,000 individuals and was more grounded than at any other time. 2. The Weimar Republic was in emergency and going to fall. 3. In September 1923, the Weimar government had canceled the general strike, and each German patriot was irate with the legislature. . Hitler figured he would be helped by significant patriot lawmakers in Bavaria. 5. Hitler had a gigantic armed force of tempest troopers, yet he realized he would lose control of them in the event that he didn't give them something to do. 6. Hitler would have liked to duplicate Mussolini †the Italian fundamentalist pioneer †who had come to control in Italy in 1922 by walking on Rome. Aftereffects of the Munich Putsch The Munich Putsch was a disappointment. Subsequently: 1. The Nazi party was prohibited, and Hitler was kept from talking out in the open until 1927. 2. Hitler went to jail, where he composed ‘Mein Kampf'.Millions of Germans read it, and Hitler's thoughts turned out to be very notable. 3. H itler concluded that he could never come to control by transformation; he understood that he would need to utilize sacred methods, so he sorted out: o the Hitler Youth o purposeful publicity crusades o mergers with other conservative gatherings o neighborhood offices of the gathering, which attempted to get Nazis chose for the Reichstag o the SS as his own protector, which was set up in 1925 It was this methodology of picking up power genuinely that in the end carried him to control. How did the Weimar Republic survive?In 1923 the Weimar Republic was wavering near the precarious edge of a huge precipice with issues, for example, hyperinflation, endeavored upheavals and open d

How to Recognize a Suicidal Bipolar Patient

How to Recognize a Suicidal Bipolar Patient Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Depression Print Warning Signs to Be Aware of in Suicidal Bipolar Patients By Kimberly Read Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 12, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on January 12, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Peter Glass Collection / Getty Images Information presented in this article may be triggering to some people. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911 immediately. What are the warning signs for suicide, the red flags that tell you to worry? If you or anyone you know is living with bipolar disorder or depression, or even if not, please keep reading. The Link Between Bipolar Disorder and Suicide Risk It can be scary to watch someone display any of the warning signs of suicide, but recognizing these red flags before there may be a problem, especially in cases of adults or teens with bipolar disorder is best. It is estimated that nearly 30% of those diagnosed with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide at least once in their lives.?? The suicide rate for people with bipolar disorder is twenty times that of the general population. These numbers are even more frightening when we consider the average suicide risk in the general population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that suicide was the eighth-ranked cause of death in the United States.?? It was the third leading cause of death for those ages 10-24 and the second leading cause for ages 25-34. Multiply these numbers by the increase seen with bipolar disorder and its even more clear why understanding the indicators below is so important. The subject of suicide is not something we can ignore. We should all be aware of the risk factors for suicide, whether or not a person has bipolar disorder. Every single one of us needs to know the warnings signs, the red flags of despair, so we may be prepared to help a friend or loved one in crisis, and be prepared to hear their cry for help. In younger people, we need to be familiar with the warning signs of suicide in teens, as some of these may be dismissed as ordinary teen angst. We also need to know where and how to seek help if we experience suicidal thoughts ourselves. Even the most emotionally healthy individuals on the planet sometimes experience the despair that can lead to suicide. Red Flags for Suicide We have organized these red flags for suicide into broad categories of symptoms for easier reference.?? Situational Indicators Loss of a relationship via rejection or separationDeath of a loved oneDiagnosis of a terminal illnessLoss of financial securityA change in physical appearanceLoss of employment or a new jobLoss of self-esteemAbuse (emotional, physical, or sexual) Emotional Indicators DepressionHopelessnessHelplessness Common Behavioral Indicators of Suicidal People Acquiring a weaponHoarding medicationPutting affairs in orderMaking or changing a willIncreased interest in suicideGiving away personal belongingsMending grievancesChecking on insurance policiesWithdrawing from people Common Verbal Indicators of Suicidal People Straightforward comments, such as:I wish I were deadI wish I had the nerve to kill myself.I wish I could die in my sleep.If it werent for my kids, my husband...I would commit suicide.Hints such as:I hate life.Why do I bother?I cant take it anymore.Nothing matters anymore. You Never Can Tell, So Be Vigilant The old adage better safe than sorry was never more correct than when it comes to monitoring friends and family members for signs of suicidal thoughts. Unfortunately, these signs are not proof positive that someone is considering suicide. Furthermore, any number of these signs could be evident, but the person may not have given much thought about taking their own life. The reverse is also true. A person may give no warning at all of an impending suicide attempt. So how do you know for sure? Ask About Suicidal Thoughts Ask. Yes, ask! Many people faced with seeing a red flag find themselves afraid to ask the important question. A common and unfortunate suicide myth is that asking about suicidal thoughts will increase the risk of suicide. This is simply not true. Be open to discussing this difficult subject with your loved one and be vigilant and take these signs seriously. It could save a life. Read up on tips on talking to a teen threatening suicide, which can be just as helpful when talking to an adult as well. Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Suicide Weve shared the frightening statistics about bipolar disorder and suicide. Its also frightening to know that roughly half of the people who attempt suicide are clinically depressed.?? In this day and age, there are so many new treatments and so much hope for people coping with mental illness, but only if they can survive and receive treatment. If youve been coping with bipolar disorder or depression, get help. Its also a good idea to take the time to ?create a suicide safety plan.

Mourners on Greek Vases Remarks on the Social History of...

In Christine Mitchell Havelock’s article, Mourners on Greek Vases: Remarks on the Social History of Women, Havelock describes the role of women in ancient Greece as being secondary, oppressed, restricted, disregarded and without identity. The question regarding women’s role in art within this time period is one that is new to us. Only recently has our focus been drawn toward the female gender and their role within these works. With the use of ancient vases depicting funeral scenes as visual aids, Havelock interprets the settings and points out how the artists depicted the role of women through visual hierarchy and figure poses. Havelock continues to describe the role of women within this time period with the help of literary writings†¦show more content†¦These attributes did not make her a role model to the young girls of Greece. Athena had qualities that no other woman during that time had. She was seen as above all other women and a standard that could not b e reached. Therefore she is viewed as a creation from the male mind rather than a role model to the women of Greece. Havelock’s article gives the reader an insight towards the role of women in ancient Greece. Her views on the subject seem to be very well thought out and carefully analyzed. The opinions that are shared really connect with many different works from the time. She not only looks at the visual representations upon the vases she is studying but she also does research into multiple literary works and beliefs of the era. With this broad spectrum of detail throughout the culture her findings seem concrete. As she describes each of her views on her topic, it becomes evident to the reader that she has an extensive background in art history and expects that the reader also have a similar knowledge of the subject matter. With this understanding her points come from an educated analysis rather than pure opinion. All readers must have a basic level of knowledge in art histo ry since her ideas are a more in depth look toward the work. With works of art being so subjective, especially older works that come from a time where society and culture are so different from our own, each person will always interpret details differently. Although Havelock’s ideas

Fitzgeralds Exploration of the American Dream in The...

Fitzgeralds Exploration of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is a one of the best stories written during a chaotic period in our nation’s history, The Jazz Age. The Twenties were a time of social experiments, self-indulgence, and dissatisfaction for majority of Americans. Fitzgerald depicts all these characteristics throughout the novel with his interesting themes, settings, and characters. The most elaborate and symbolic character Fitzgerald presents to his readers is Jay Gatsby. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby as a vehicle to explore the idea of The American Dream, which was a key element in shaping American society and it’s citizens. Fitzgerald does not sugar-coat his definition of the†¦show more content†¦Gatsby’s love and longing for Daisy then became his motivation to become wealthy, high classed, and successful. Gatsby does reach the element of gaining wealth and success, but his ambition is only half met. It is the full achievement of his goal which will soon le ad to the destruction of his life. Gatsby refuses to not meet his aspirations and will fulfill his dream by any means necessary. Although Gatsby’s intentions and motivation to become successful are pure, the way he obtains his status is extremely foul and criminal. Gatsby participates in organized crime, trades stolen securities, and bootlegs illegal alcohol. Instead of Gatsby using his wit and intelligence in an honest hard working way, he participates in corrupt acts, which will guarantee him his wealth and status. It is this aspect of Gatsby’s life where Fitzgerald expresses the decline of The American Dream. He tries to show his readers the demoralization of our society and how greed and power are a form of empty success that a lot of Americans buy in to. Gatsby’s aspirations are destroyed when he comes to the realization that certain dreams can never be converted into reality. 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He came from a poorRead MoreAccording To Salman Rushdie, An Award Winning British Indian1851 Words   |  8 Pagesone human being, in which, to our delight and great surprise, we may find our own vision reflected.† Good literature often strives to evoke various responses from and connect with the reader through character emotions, which allows the interaction between one self and characters to become profound and meaningful. This enables the reader to bond with and relate to characters on an emotional, moral and ethical level. The various themes that enrich great works of literature are known to stand the test

Madness of Lear Edgar Free Essays

Madness is considered to be the root of all endings. In addition, the overall mental and physical state of madness is seen as shameful to many people, as well as disrespectful to oneself and others. With that being said, the motif of madness one thing that no man wants to experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Madness of Lear Edgar or any similar topic only for you Order Now But in Shakespeare’s King Lear, madness appears in various forms and functions as the central theme, and leads many of the characters, including Lear himself, to their demise. In the beginning of the play, Lear is characterized as a very prideful individual, who is obsessed with power and self-love. But as the plot of the play progresses, numerous situations arise and Lear endures a rollercoaster of emotions, which ultimately shape him into a different person. Lear’s overall changes throughout the play all have something in common: a decrease in power and an increase in grief and sympathy. Each obstacle that Lear goes through pushes his pride more and more towards self-pity and sadness, which are emotions that a King of his stature is not used to having to deal with. Through his perspective at this point, he fears that he is going mad, and Lear is so obsessed with control that the thought of losing it all makes him believe that he is losing his sanity as well. However, after he constantly gets pushed to experience self-evaluation with each situation. Lear undergoes a rebirth, even though it is too late for the King at this stage of the play. Another character in King Lear, Edgar, also endures the play’s central theme of madness, but in a different way. Edgar feigns his insanity to stay alive, by disguising himself as the beggar â€Å"Poor Tom†, in order for his father, Gloucester, to accept him after Edmund, Gloucester’s illegitimate son, tricks their father into thinking that Edgar is a madman and wants to murder his father. Edgar fames madness throughout the play and disguises himself as the madman that Edmund has betrayed him to be, since at the time the insane were virtually invisible to society. Ironically, Edgar’s time as a supposedly insane beggar prepares him to defeat Edmund at the close of the play. Shakespeare uses both of these characters to mirror and contrast one another’s states to madness and to illustrate the play’s deeper meanings. While Edgar pretends to be mad, Lear is actually mad. Edgar stimulates insanity and foreshadows Lear’s madness, as it grows stronger throughout the play. The two end up joining, and it ultimately provides Lear with important wisdom by reducing him to his bare humanity, stripped of all royal pretentions. However, the real madness of Lear and the assumed madness of Edgar both play against one another to make out of the chaos a harmony in the kingdom through self-revelation, wisdom, and humility. Eventually, the madness comes to an end. Edgar unveils his disguise of madness and overthrows Edmund, while Lear’s madness leads to his demise. Overall, Shakespeare delves into the issues of age, power, lust, betrayal, and most of all, pure madness. The play shines a light on various faults in humanity, including self-indulgence and the desires to only think about oneself. In the end, greed and egotism can really only result in madness. How to cite Madness of Lear Edgar, Papers

Waste Management free essay sample

Three conditions are often present when fraud exists; incentives, opportunity, and attitude. All of these conditions can be seen in the fraud at Waste Management. We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page   Waste Management was under pressure from other companies within the industry that could offer the same services at lower prices to customers. Dean L. Buntrock, founder, chairman, and CEO of Waste Management was the driving force behind the fraud. Buntrock set the earnings targets, fostered a culture of fraudulent accounting, and personally directed certain of the accounting changes to make the targeted earnings. Buntrock presented himself as a pillar of the community, all the while knowingly committing fraud to fund his endeavors. He perceived himself as such an entrepreneur and community servant that ten days before his wrongdoings became public he enriched himself with a tax benefit by donating inflated company stock to his college alma mater to fund a building in his name. Buntrock was not the only one involved in the fraud at Waste Management. Phillip B. Rooney, president and COO, James Koenig, CFO, and four other officers were named in the complaint by the SEC. In addition, the auditing firm Arthur Anderson was alleged to have been aiding Waste Management in their schemes. Every CFO and CAO in Waste Management’s history as a public company had previously worked as an auditor at Anderson. This interesting fact gives some insight into how the company was able to commit their fraudulent activities for so long. REASONS FOR ESTIMATIONS After reviewing Waste Management’s balance sheet it can be seen that many of the account balances were based on significant management estimation techniques. The following is a list of the accounts and reasons why the estimates were required for each account: †¢Accounts Receivable – Accounts receivable were affected because management estimated the allowance for doubtful accounts. †¢Property Equipment – Since the company did not use the correct salvage values and useful lives of property and equipment it also effected the depreciation accounts. †¢Intangibles/Goodwill – Goodwill is affected by the company using estimated values of assets. †¢Accrued Expenses – Managements estimation of expenses affected accrued expenses. ESTIMATIONS – INHERENTLY RISKY Estimations are used by companies to account for future events. Since these events have not occurred yet, there is some level of uncertainty and a lack of information connected with them. These factors increase the inherent risk associated with the accounts that use estimates which also increases the likelihood of material misstatements in the financial statements. AUDITOR RESPONSIBILITIES – MANAGEMENT ESTIMATIONS AU Section 342 of the PCAOB provides guidance to auditors on obtaining and evaluating sufficient appropriate evidential matter to support significant accounting estimates in an audit of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The auditors objective when evaluating accounting estimates is to obtain sufficient appropriate evidential matter to provide reasonable assurance that: †¢All accounting estimates that could be material to the financial statements have been developed. †¢Those accounting estimates are reasonable in the circumstances. †¢The accounting estimates are presented in conformity with applicable accounting principles and are properly disclosed (PCAOB, 2013). In evaluating reasonableness, the auditor should obtain an understanding of how management developed the estimate. Based on that understanding, the auditor should use one or a combination of the following approaches: †¢Review and test the process used by management to develop the estimate. †¢Develop an independent expectation of the estimate to corroborate the reasonableness of managements estimate. †¢Review subsequent events or transactions occurring prior to the date of the auditors report (PCAOB, 2013). TECHNIQUES There are several techniques that Anderson could have used to assess the reasonableness of the accounting estimates Waste Management used in valuing its estimations of salvage values and useful lives for property and equipment including: †¢Compare the salvage values and useful lives to similar property and equipment used by others in the same industry. †¢Physical examination of the assets to determine if they have been disposed of or are still in use. †¢Review documentation about the assets in questions to determine if the proper useful lives and salvage values are being used. SOX SECTION 206 According to Section 206 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Conflict of Interest, it shall be unlawful for a registered public accounting firm to perform for an issuer any audit service required by his title, if a chief executive officer, controller, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, or any person serving in an equivalent position for the issuer, was employed by that registered independent public accounting firm and participated in any capacity in the audit of that issuer during the 1 year period preceding the date of the audit (SEC, 2002). IDENTIFYING ACCOUNTING ERRORS Andersen may have allowed Waste Management to record the identified accounting errors because they wanted to keep their client happy and continue doing business with them. Waste Management was a major client of Andersen and has made a lot of money from the company over the years. This could have led to pressure on the accounting firm to stay on the good side of the company. Another reason could be that since Waste Management was known to employee people who had worked at Andersen the auditor did not want to mess up their chances of landing a job at the company so they went along with what the company was doing. Accounting firms could do several things to ensure that auditors do not succumb to similar pressures on other audit engagements. First they can make sure the auditors that they hire are knowledgeable and practice the regulations that are set in place in the auditing profession. The firms can make it known that they strictly follow the Code of Professional Conduct set forth by the AICPA and if it is violated they will be terminated. Firms could also make it clear that the auditors are there to perform audits of companies and that there main responsibility is to the public to ensure that a company’s financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. The auditor should not be concerned with keeping the company they are auditing happy but doing their job to inform the public.